Leabhar Ard Mhacha
Cineál | lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe |
---|---|
Cárta innéacs | |
Teanga | an Laidin |
Dáta a bunaíodh | c. 807 |
Bunábhar | pár veilleam |
Is lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe go formhór ag Laidin den 9ú haois é Leabhar Ard Mhacha nó Codex Ardmachanus (ar or 61), aitheanta fosta mar Canónach Phádraig agus Liber Ar(d)machanus. Caomhnaítear é i Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide, LS 52. Tá ann luath-théacsanna maidir le Naomh Pádraig agus cóip beagnach lán den Tiomna Nua, ar cheann dá leithéid is luaite. Feictear ann fosta roinnt mhaith samplaí as Sean-Ghaeilge.
Stair
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]The manuscript was once reputed to have belonged to Naomh Pádraig and, at least in part, to be a product of his hand. Research has determined, however, that the earliest part of the manuscript was the work of a scribe named Ferdomnach (bás 845 nó 846). Ferdomnach wrote the first part of the book sa bhliain 807 nó 808, for comarba Phádraig, Torbach abb Ard Mhacha.[1] Two other scribes are known to have assisted him.
The people of medieval Ireland placed a great value on this manuscript. Along with the Bachal Íosa, it was one of the two symbols of the office for the Ardeaspag Ard Mhacha. The custodianship of the book was an important office that eventually became hereditary in the MacMoyre family. It remained in the hands of the Mac Maoir family in the townland of Baile an Mhaoir near Corr Leacht until the late 17th century. Its last hereditary keeper was Florence MacMoyer.
Faoin mbliain 1707, it was in the possession of clann Brownlow as An Lorgain. It remained in the Brownlow family go dtí an bhliain 1853, when it was sold to the Irish antiquary, William Reeves. Sa bhliain 1853, Reeves sold the Book to John Beresford, Ardeaspag Ard Mhacha, who presented it to Coláiste na Tríonóide,[2] where it can be read online from the Digital Collections portal of the Trinity College library.[3]
Lámhscríbhinn
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Tá an leabhar 195 le 145 le 75 mm ar tomhas.[4] Bhí ann ó thús 222 fóilió de phárpháipéar, ach tá 5 ar iarraidh inniu.[5] Tá dhá cholún téacs ann scríofa le mionchló na n-oileán. Tá ceithre mhionsamhail ann d'abhatáir na Soiscéalaithe. Tá dathanna dearg, buí, glas nó dubh curtha ar roinnt litreacha. Tá tiachóg leathair a bhaineann leis an lámhscríbhinn, a rinneadh a meastar sa chúigiú haois déag.[5]
Tá téacs ann sa Leabhar as an Vulgáid, ach feictear freisin Vetus Latina i nGníomhartha na nAspal agus eipistilí Phóil.[6]
Dathmhaisiú
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Tá ann sa lámhscríbhinn trí líníocht lánleathanaigh manuscript has three full-page drawings, and a number of decorated initials in typical ealaín na nOileán. Ar fhóilió 32v feictear abhatáir na ceithre Soiscéalaí. Tá iolar Eoin cosúil le Leabhar Dhioma. In áiteanna eile, feictear buí, dearg, gorm agus glas.[7]
Dáta
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Is a bhuí le Rev. Charles Graves dáta an lámhscríbhinn, a bhain sa bhliain 1846 brí as ainmneacha leath scriosta le feiceáil sna colafain, .i. Ferdomnach scríobhaí agus Torbach easpag, a choimisiúnaigh an leabhar. Dar le hAnnála na gCeithre Máistrí, fuair Torbach bás sa bhliain 807[8] agus Feardhomhnach sa bhliain 844.[9] Ní dhearnadh easpag de Thorbach ach sa bhliain 807, agus is léir dá bharr gur scríobhadh an leabhar timpeall an ama seo. Go tútach, bhain Graves úsáid as tuaslagán ceimiceach chun na litríochta a dhéanamh soléite, le tairbhe ámh go bhfuil na hainmneacha dofheicthe anois.[4][10]
Ábhar
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Is féidir an lámhscríbhinn a rinneadh ina dá leath.
Naomh Pádraig
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Tá ann sa saothar luath-théacsanna tábhachtacha maidir maidir le Naomh Pádraig.[1] San áireamh, tá dhá Bheatha ann, ceann amháin le Muirchú moccu Machtheni agus ceann eile le Tírechán. Scríobhadh iad dís sa 7ú haois.
Tá ann fosta roinnt saothar ilchineálach faoin naomh, ina measc Liber Angueli, ina mbronntar ar Phádraig a sainchearta mar easpag Ard Mhacha ag aingeal.[11] Tá roinnt desna téacsanna scríofa as Sean-Ghaeilge, na samplaí is luaite dá leithéid atá ar marthain (seachas sanais easpacha).
- Muirchú, Vita sancti Patricii
- Tírechán, Collectanea
- Notulae as Laidin agus Gaeilge ar ghníomhaí Naoimh Phádraig, agus additamenta curtha ann nua déanaí
- Liber Angeli (640 x 670), scríofa ag Feardhomhnach
- Naomh Pádraig, Confessio giorraithe
Tiomna Nua
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Tá ann sa lámhscríbhinn codanna suntasacha den Tiomna Nua, bunaithe ar an Vulgáid, ach le hathruithe ar nós téacsanna na n-oileán. I dteannta sin, tá san áireamh: réamhráite ar eipistilí Póil (le Pelagius den chuid is mó); na Táblaí Canóna le hEusebius; agus litir Jerome chuig Pápa Damasus.
Beatha Naoimh Mháirtín
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Ag deireadh na lámhscríbhinn, faightear Beatha Naoimh Martín de Tours le Sulpicius Severus.[5]
Foinsí
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- O'Neill, Timothy. The Irish Hand: Scribes and Their Manuscripts From the Earliest Times. Corcaigh: Cork University Press, 2014. Isbn 978-1-7820-5092-6
- "Palaeographical Considerations in the Study of the Patrician Documents in the Book of Armagh" (1982). Scriptorium 36: 3–28. doi: .
Naisc sheachtracha
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- Catholic Encyclopedia, The Book of Armagh
- "Liber Ardmachanus: the book of Armagh" (1913). Baile Átha Cliath, Hodges, Figgis & Co., Ltd..
- "Book of Armagh" . Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann.
- "Book of Armagh" . Trinity College Digital Collections. MS 52.
- "Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D." (pdf) (1977). Thomas J. Watson Library: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. OCLC 893699154.
- "Book of Armagh" . Codices Latini Antiquiores (CLA) 2. Earlier Latin Manuscripts. CLA 270.
Tagairtí
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Beyond the Book of Kells: The Book of Armagh" (en). Dáta rochtana: 4ú Deireadh Fómhair 2017.
- ↑ Atkinson, E.D., R.S.A.I. (1911). Dromore An Ulster Diocese, lch. 19.
- ↑ "DRIS Trinity College Library Dublin" (en). Dáta rochtana: 4ú Deireadh Fómhair 2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sharpe, Richard (1982). "Palaeographical Considerations in the Study of the Patrician Documents in the Book of Armagh". Scriptorium: International Review of Manuscript Studies 36: 3–28. doi: .
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Duffy, Sean (2017). "Routledge Revivals: Medieval Ireland (2005): An Encyclopedia" (as en). Taylor & Francis.
- ↑ Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament, Oxford University Press, 1977, ll. 305, 341.
- ↑ Mitchell, George Frank, Treasures of Irish art, 1500 B.C.-1500 A.D.: from the collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, Trinity College, Dublin (etc), Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977, ISBN 0394428072, 9780394428079, No. 43, lch. 143. Ar líne (PDF), Metropolitan Museum of Art
- ↑ Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, ACM 807.18: Torbach, mac Gormáin, scríbhnidh, leghthóir, & abb Arda Macha esidhe d'écc.
- ↑ ACM 844.4: Feardomhnach, eagnaidh & scribhnidh toghaidhe Arda Macha, d'écc.
- ↑ Esposito, Mario (1954). "St Patrick's 'Confessio' and the 'Book of Armagh'". Irish Historical Studies 9 (33): 1–12. doi:JSTOR 30006384. .
- ↑ "St Patrick" (8ú Samhain 2007). Dáta rochtana: 4ú Deireadh Fómhair 2017.