Roy J. Plunkett
| Beathaisnéis | |
|---|---|
| Breith | 26 Meitheamh 1910 New Carlisle, Ohio  |
| Bás | 12 Bealtaine 1994 83 bliana d'aois Corpus Christi, Texas |
| Siocair bháis | Bás nádúrtha (Ailse) |
| Faisnéis phearsanta | |
| Scoil a d'fhreastail sé/sí | Ollscoil Stáit Ohio Ollscoil Mhanchain Ardscoil Bethel |
| Gníomhaíocht | |
| Gairm | ceimiceoir, cumadóir, innealtóir |
Gradam a fuarthas
| |
Ceimiceoir Meiriceánach ab ea Roy J. Plunkett (26 Meitheamh 1910 - 12 Bealtaine 1994). Tháirg sé polaiteitreafluaireitiléin (PTFE), .i. Teflon, sa bhliain 1938.
Luathshaol agus oideachas
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Rugadh Plunkett i New Carlisle, Ohio agus d’fhreastail sé ar Newton High School i Pleasant Hill, Ohio.
Bhain sé BA amach sa cheimic in Ollscoil Mhanchain i 1932. Fuair sé a Ph.D. sa cheimic i 1936 ó Ollscoil Stáit Ohio as a chuid oibre ar The Mechanism of Carbohydrate Oxidation. [1] ).[2]
Gairmréim
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]
Sa bhliain 1936 d’fhostaigh EI du Pont de Nemours agus Cuideachta é mar cheimiceoir taighde ag Saotharlann Jackson in Deepwater, Nua-Gheirsí .
Is fearr a thuairiscítear ar fhionnachtain Teflon i bhfocail Plunkett féin: [3]
On the morning of April 6, 1938, Jack Rebok, my assistant, selected one of the TFE cylinders that we had been using the previous day and set up the apparatus ready to go. When he opened the valve — to let the TFE gas flow under its own pressure from the cylinder — nothing happened...We were in a quandary. I couldn't think of anything else to do under the circumstances, so we unscrewed the valve from the cylinder. By this time it was pretty clear that there wasn't any gas left. I carefully tipped the cylinder upside down, and out came a whitish powder down onto the lab bench. We scraped around some with the wire inside the cylinder...to get some more of the powder. What I got out that way certainly didn't add up, so I knew there must be more, inside. Finally...we decided to cut open the cylinder. When we did, we found more of the powder packed onto the bottom and lower sides of the cylinder.
Deir Plunkett freisin go raibh thart ar 1 kg an ceann (2.2 punt) sna sorcóirí TFE a bhí in úsáid a bheadh réasúnta beag, sorcóirí de mhéid buidéal léachta, seachas sorcóirí móra.
Bhí an teitreafluaireitiléin sa choimeádán polaiméirithe go polaiteitreafluaireitiléin, solad céiriúil le hairíonna iontacha cosúil le frithchreimneach, frithchuimilt dhromchla íseal, agus friotaíocht ard teasa. Dinis Plunkett scéal an fhionnachtain seo a tharla de thimpiste ag cruinniú an earraigh ag cruinniú náisiúnta Chumann Ceimiceach Mheiriceá sa rannán Stair na Ceimice, Aibreán 1986 i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac a foilsíodh san Imeachtaí Siompóisiam. an tetrafluoroethylene sa choimeádán polaiméirithe go polytetrafluoroethylene, solad céir le hairíonna iontacha cosúil le friotaíocht creimeadh , frithchuimilt dromchla íseal, agus friotaíocht ard teasa. Bhain Plunkett scéal an fhionnachtain thimpiste seo ag cruinniú an earraigh de chruinniú náisiúnta Chumann Ceimiceán Mheiriceá sa rannán Stair na Ceimice, Aibreán 1986 i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac a foilsíodh in Imeachtaí an tSiompóisiam.
Ba é an príomhcheimiceoir a raibh baint aige le táirgeadh teitreitil luaidhe, breiseán gásailín, ag DuPont's Chambers Works ó 1939 go 1952. Ina dhiaidh sin threoraigh sé táirgeadh Freon ag DuPont sula ndeachaigh sé ar scor i 1975.[4]
Dámhachtainí
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Fuair Plunkett Bonn John Scott ó chathair Philadelphia i 1951,[5] as AN t-aireagán "comfort, welfare, and happiness of human kind" a chuir.[6] Tugadh stán muifín brataithe le Teflon don lucht freastail le tabhairt abhaile leo.[7] Bronnadh dámhachtainí agus onóracha eile ina dhiaidh sin. Ionduchtaíodh Plunkett i Halla na Laochra Plaisteacha i 1973 [8] agus i 1985 an National Inventors Hall of Fame.[9]
Fuair Plunkett bás de bharr ailse ar 12 Bealtaine 1994 ina theach i Texas ag aois 83.[10][11][12]
Tuilleadh léitheoireachta
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- George B. Kauffman. "Plunkett, Roy Joseph" in Beathaisnéis Náisiúnta Mheiriceá (1999) [www.anb.org/viewbydoi/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302553 ar líne]
- Raymond B. Seymour agus Charles H. Fisher. "Roy J. Plunkett," in Próifílí Ceimiceoirí Meiriceánacha Eminent, ed. Sylvia Tascher (1988), lgh. 381–84.
Naisc sheachtracha
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- Center for Oral History. "Roy J. Plunkett". Science History Institute.https://oh.sciencehistory.org/oral-histories/plunkett-roy-j
- Bohning, James J. (27 May 1986). Roy J. Plunkett, Transcripts of Interviews Conducted by James J. Bohning in New York City and Philadelphia on 14 April and 27 May 1986. https://oh.sciencehistory.org/sites/default/files/plunkett_rj_0037_suppl.pdf
Tagairtí
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- ↑ Plunkett, RJ; Evans, WL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 60 1938 2847-2852 DOI: 10.1021/ja01279a007
- ↑ http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/121.html
- ↑ Plunkett, RJ The History of Polytetrafluoroethylene: Discovery and Development, pages 261-266 in "High Performance Polymers: Their Origin and Development. Proceedings of the Symposium on the History of High Performance Polymers at the American Chemical Society Meeting held in New York, April 15–18, 1986." Seymour RB and Kirshenbaum GS, Editors, Elsevier, New York, 1986. ISBN 0-444-01139-0
- ↑ Science History Institute. https://oh.sciencehistory.org/oral-histories/plunkett-roy-j
- ↑ Science History Institute. https://oh.sciencehistory.org/oral-histories/plunkett-roy-jCenter for Oral History. "Roy J. Plunkett". Science History Institute. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Teflon Assessment.
- ↑ Tá ort na shonrú' 'teideal = agus' 'url = nuair a úsáideann {{ lua idirlín}}."". Science History Institute.
- ↑ Plastics.http://www.plasticshalloffame.com/articles.php?articleId=107
- ↑ Du Pont.http://www2.dupont.com/Phoenix_Heritage/en_US/1938_detail.html
- ↑ "Cóip cartlainne" (2007). Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-01-17. Dáta rochtana: 2021-04-06.. National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation, Inc. 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-01-17. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
- ↑ Dr. Roy J. Plunkett: Discoverer of Fluoropolymers.http://www.fluoropolymers.org/news/PlunkArt94.pdf
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/15/obituaries/roy-j-plunkett-is-dead-at-83-created-teflon-while-at-du-pont.html