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Liosta de ghlasraí duilleogacha

Ón Vicipéid, an chiclipéid shaor.

Seo liosta plandaí a bhfuil ról cócaireachta acu mar ghlasraí. Is féidir úsáid a bhaint as an téarma "glasra" le haghaidh bríonna éagsúla, lena n-áirítear cócaireachta, luibheolaíochta agus dlíthiúla. Áirítear sa liosta seo torthaí luibheolaíochta ar nós puimcíní, agus ní áirítear luibheanna, spíosraí, gránaigh agus an chuid is mó de thorthaí cócaireachta agus chnónna cócaireachta. Níl fungais inite san áireamh sa liosta.

Bíonn glasraí slíthiúla sainithe chun críocha rialála, cánachais agus eile. D'áireofaí an trátaí mar shampla, gur sméar luibheolaíochta é, ach gur glasra cócaireachta é de réir dlí na Stát Aontaithe.

Níl roinnt glasraí cócaireachta, mar shampla sleabhac, fiú ina mbaill de ríocht na bplandaí.

Liosta

[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]
Eochair
  • Tagann luanna a bhfuil 'Ecoport' orthu ó shuíomh Gréasáin Ecoport, tairseach éiceolaíochta a forbraíodh i gcomhar leis an Foras Bia agus Talmhaíochta na Náisiún Aontaithe FBT.[1]
  • Iad siúd atá marcáilte le GRIN tagann siad ón 'GRIN Taxonomy of Food Plants'.[2]
  • Iad siúd atá marcáilte le Duke ón leabhar James Duke Handbook of Energy Crops .

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Speiceas Ainm coitianta Tuairimí
Abutilon theophrasti Siúit shíneach Tá an blas go maith, ach ós rud é go bhfuil uigeacht na nduilleog cosúil le éadach agus nach bhfuil sé briosc, níl sé an-oiriúnach le hithe amh.[3]
Acacia pennata Acáise chleiteach Cha-om, glasra tábhachtach i mBurma agus sa Téalainn[4][5][6]
Acmella oleracea Paribhiolar Brèdes mafane, duilleoga a bhfuil blas géar orthu, a bhfuil an-tóir orthu i Madagascar áit a n-úsáidtear iad chun mias ar a dtugtar romazava a ullmhú.[7]
Althaea officinalis Leamhachán coiteann Glasra a bhí oiriúnach le hithe i measc na Sean Rómhánaigh; bhí mias de leamhachán coiteann ar cheann de na sócamais a bhí acu.
Amaranthus cruentus Amarantas fuilteach Téalainnis: phak khom daeng . Vítneaimis: rau dên . Tá speicis amarantais inite agus tá blas taitneamhach orthu, ach tá cion áirithe d’aigéad ocsalach iontu agus b’fhearr iad a ithe tar éis an t-uisce a fhiuchadh agus a dhiúscairt [8][9]
Amaranthus retroflexus Amarantas lúbtha Téalainnis: phak khom . Níos gairbhe ná speicis eile d'amaranth nuair nach bhfuil siad saothraithe, ach an-choitianta mar fiailí.
Amaranthus spinosus Amarantas spíonach

Téalainnis: phak khom nam

Amaranthus tricolor Amarantas trídhathach Bíonn tóir ar hibridí an amarantais, go minic ó shaothrú hidroponach, sa tSín agus i dtíortha eile na hÁise. Is gnách go n-itear iad bánaithe [10][11]
Amaranthus viridis Amarantas glas Mailéalaimis; chiira[12][13]
Apium graveolens Lus na smaileog De ghnáth, is é an gas is mó a bhfuil tóir air, ach is iad na duilleoga an príomhbhiai i go leor anraithí. Tá ailléirge shoilire ag daoine áirithe gur féidir leis a bheith ina chúis le turraing anaifiolachtach a d'fhéadfadh duine a mharú.[14]
Atriplex hortensis Spionáiste eilifleoige Anallód, saothraíodh é i nDeisceart na hEorpa. Faoi láthair, níl mórán measa air mar ghlasra duilleach.[15][16][17]
Barbarea verna Treabhach earraigh Meastar gur ionadach sásúil é ar bhiolar uisce.
Barringtonia acutangula Mangróbh fionnuisce, Chik-nam, Kra don Itear buinneoga agus duilleoga óga amh le Nam phrik. Bíonn tóir air in Isan
Basella alba Spionáiste bán [18][19]
Beta cicla Biatas bán Ceann de shliocht saothraithe an bhiatais mhara
Beta vulgaris maritima Líon na trá [20]
Borago officinalis Borráiste gorm Go forleathan mar ghlasra duille roimhe seo. Fós luachmhar i roinnt áiteanna san Iodáil agus i dTuaisceart na Spáinne.[21]
Brassica carinata Brasacach sceallchruthach [22][23]
Brassica juncea Brasacach mustaird [24][25]
Brassica napus Praiseach tornapach Ráib, a bhfuil tóir air i gcócaireacht Indiach agus Neipealach, de ghnáth shuaithfhriochta le salann, gairleog agus spíosraí.[26][27]
Brassica napus var. pabularia Praiseach thornapach var. pabularia [28][29]
Brassica nigra Praiseach dhubh Tá praiseach dhubh (nó mustard dubh) le fáil go coitianta i ngairdíní a ndearnadh faillí orthu, ar thaobh an bhóthair, i bpáirceanna tréigthe, agus i gceantair ina ndéantar diúscairt dramhaíola. Tá an planda dúchasach don Áise agus don Eoraip, ach fásann sé anois i gcuid mhór de dheisceart Cheanada agus beagnach gach ceann de na Stáit Aontaithe. Is é seo an príomh-mustaird a úsáidtear i dtarsainn, agus mar sin, de ghnáth, bíonn baint aige le brocairí teo. Chun tarsann mustaird a dhéanamh, caithfidh na síolta a bheith mínmheilte agus ansin a bheith meascaithe le plúr agus cuid bheag uisce agus fínéagar. Is féidir an planda a shaothrú i gcomhair a chuid duilleog óg a úsáidtear i sailéad nó mar luibh phota.[30]
Brassica oleracea Cóilis ghlas [31]
Brassica oleracea var. acephala Cóilis ghlas var acephala Is cineál cabáiste í a bhfuil duilleoga cothroma nó catach uirthi agus dathanna na ngas a théann ó dúghlas go burgúnach. Tá go leor cothaithigh ann lena n-áirítear cailciam, iarann, agus vitimíní A, C, agus K. Is féidir duilleoga óga úra a fhómhar chun iad a úsáid i sailéid nó ligean dóibh aibiú agus a úsáid mar ghlasra cócaráilte. Is féidir í a fháil i rith míonna an tsamhraidh, ach bíonn sí milis, go háirithe tar éis seaca.[32]
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Brocailí Síneach nó Gail-lan [33]
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Cóilis [34][35]
Brassica oleracea var. capitata Cabáiste [36][37]
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Bachlóg Bhruiséile [38][39]
Brassica oleracea var. italica Brocailí Iodálach [40][41]
Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia Cál pailme
Brassica rapa Tornapa fiáin Duilleoga a bhfuil tóir orthu i ndeisceart na Stát Aontaithe, [[Galicia, sa Spáinn] (Grelos)[42][43][44]
Brassica rapa fosp. chinensis Tornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach Choi [45]
Brassica rapa fosp. narinosa Tornapa fiáin fosp. leathanshrónach [46]
Brassica rapa fosp. nipposinica Tornapa fiáin fosp. Síneach [47]
Brassica rapa fosp. pekinensis Tornapa fiáin fosp Péicingeach [48]
''Brassica rapa'' fosp. ''rapa'' Tornapa fiáin fosp. tornapach [49]
Brassica rapa var. perviridis Tornapa fiáin fosp. an-ghlas
Brassica rapa var. rosularis Tornapa fiáin fosp. róiséad
Campanula rapunculus Scornlus tornapaín Fásadh go forleathan san Eoraip é uair amháin dá dhuilleoga, a úsáideadh mar spionáiste [50]
Campanula versicolor Scornlus ildathach Úsáidtear i gcócaireacht na Gréige cuisine[50]
Capparis spinosa Capras spíonach Úsáidtear duilleoga caprais mar chuid de chócaireacht na Gréige [51][52]
Celosia argentea var. argentea Cealóis gheal Ar a dtugtar "spionáiste Lagos", tá sé ar cheann de na príomhghlasraí bruite in Iarthar na hAfraice[53][54]
Centella asiatica Lus na hÁise, Gotukola Deoch fhionnuar is ea 'Bai bua bok' sa Téalainn
Gotukola Sambola in Sri Lanka
Chenopodium album Blonagán bán Is planda bliantúil fiaileach é an blonagán bán sa ghéineas Chenopodium, a fhásann go tapa. Saothraítear agus itear Chenopodium album go forleathan i dTuaisceart na hIndia mar bharra bia ar a dtugtar bathua.[55][56]
Chenopodium ambrosioides American Wormseed Chenopodium species are edible, but many species are mediocre as a leaf vegetable.[57]
Chenopodium berlandieri fosp. nuttalliae Southern Huauzontle [58][59]
Chenopodium bonus-henricus Good King Henry One of the finest Chenopodium species[60][61]
Chenopodium giganteum Tree Spinach [62][63]
Chenopodium glaucum Oak-Leaved Goosefoot [64]
Chenopodium nuttalliae Huauzontle Popular in Mexico[65]
Chenopodium quinoa fosp. quinoa Quinoa It has its origin in the Andean region[66][67]
Chenopodium rubrum Red Goosefoot [68]
Chrysanthemum coronarium Garland chrysanthemum Popular in Korean, Cantonese, Taiwanese, Hong Kong and Japanese cuisine[69]
Cichorium endivia Endive [70]
Cichorium endivia var. crispum, Curly endive Sometimes called "chicory" in the United States, called chicorée frisée in French[70]
Cichorium endivia var. latifolium, Broad-leaved endive Escarole in French[70]
Cichorium intybus Chicory Leaves cooked with Fave in Northern Italy[71][72]
Cichorium intybus var. foliosum Belgian endive Also known as witloof
Cichorium intybus var. foliosum Puntarelle Also known as Catalogna chicory
Cichorium intybus Radicchio Popular in Italy[71]
Cichorium intybus Sugarloaf
Cirsium oleraceum Cabbage thistle [73]
Claytonia perfoliata Miner's lettuce Used by California Gold Rush miners who ate it to prevent scurvy. Like lettuce but rougher[74]
Claytonia sibirica Siberian spring beauty Has beet-flavoured leaves.[75]
Cleome gynandra African cabbage Widespread in many tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Its leaves form an important part of diets in Southern Africa.[76]
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Chaya or Tree spinach Traditional food in parts of Central and South America. Leaves must be cooked before being eaten.[77]
Coccinia grandis Ivy Gourd Leaves cooked in soups in Thailand.[78][79]
Colocasia esculenta Taro Only the young leaves are eaten. Popular in Mauritius.[80][81]
Corchorus olitorius Jew's mallow Used in Molokhiya[82][83][84][85]
Coriandrum sativum Cilantro, Coriander Used mainly for garnishing or in small quantities[86]
Crambe maritima Sea kale It was popular as a blanched vegetable in the early 19th Century, but its use declined
Crassocephalum crepidioides Redflower ragleaf Traditionally eaten as a green in tropical Africa. Possible toxicity not well studied
Cratoxylum formosum Phak tiu som or Phak tiu daeng Young leaves are edible. Popular in Laos, Thailand (Isan) and Vietnam
Crithmum maritimum Samphire In the 19th century, samphire was being shipped in casks of seawater from the Isle of Wight to market in London at the end of May each year.[87]
Crotalaria longirostrata Chipilín A common leafy vegetable in the local cuisines of southern Mexico[88][89]
Cryptotaenia japonica Mitsuba Small quantities added to soups, etc.[90][91]
Cyclanthera pedata Caigua Traditional green in Central America and South America[92]
Cynara cardunculus Cardoon Leaf stems are valued as food[93][94]
Diplazium esculentum Vegetable fern Probably the most commonly consumed fern[95][96]
Diplotaxis tenuifolia Perennial Wall-rocket Often marketed under the same common names (Arugula, Rocket, Baby leaf rocket etc) as Eruca sativa
Erythrina fusca Thong lang Fresh raw leaves eaten in Thailand in Miang kham.[97]
Eruca sativa Arugula, Rocket Especially appreciated in Veneto, Italy[98]
Emex spinosa Lesser jack It was formerly used as a leafy vegetable, but not highly valued
Eryngium foetidum Bhandhanya, Culantro Eaten as a leafy green in Thailand. Used as seasoning in the Caribbean.
Foeniculum vulgare Fennel [99]
Galactites tomentosa Scarlina Edible type of thistle [100]
Galinsoga parviflora Gallant Soldier Popular in Colombia and Peru in soups and salads[101]
Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy [102]
Glinus lotoides Lotus sweetjuice Used as a leaf vegetable in many tropical countries[103]
Gnetum gnemon Melindjo Popular in Indonesian cuisine.[104][105]
Gynura crepioides Okinawan Spinach Grown commercially as a vegetable in China
Halimione portulacoides Sea purslane [106]
Hibiscus sabdariffa Roselle Telugu: Gongura. Roselle leaves are edible and have a pleasant taste. This plant is having good medicinal values. In some areas it is used as substitute of Jute.
Hirschfeldia incana Shortpod mustard [107]
Honckenya peploides Sea sandwort Traditionally used as food by the inhabitants of coastal Subarctic areas[108]
Houttuynia cordata Fishwort Popular as a leaf vegetable particularly in Vietnam[109][110]
Hydrophyllum canadense John's Cabbage It was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples[111]
Hydrophyllum virginianum Shawnee Salad It was used as a leaf vegetable by Native American peoples[112]
Hyoseris radiata Used in Liguria, Italy, to make preboggion
Hypochaeris maculata Spotted Cat's-ear Similar to dandelion but not as tasty
Hypochaeris radicata Catsear Young leaves should be harvested before they become too fibrous[113]
Inula crithmoides Golden samphire Young leaves may be eaten raw or cooked as a leaf vegetable.[114]
Inula helenium Elecampane Leaves are edible, although root is preferred[115]
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Water Spinach Popular leafy green in Southeast Asia[116][117]
Ipomoea batatas var. batatas Sweet Potato [118][119]
Kleinhovia hospita Young leaves are eaten as a vegetable in Malaya, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.[120]
Lablab purpureus Lablab The leaves are used as greens, but have to be cooked like spinach and the water has to be discarded.[121]
Lactuca indica Indian Lettuce [122][123]
Lactuca perennis [124]
Lactuca sativa Lettuce The wild varieties differ much from the average cultivated salad lettuce.
Lactuca sativa Celtuce [125]
Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Prickly lettuce is a common edible weed that is native to Europe, but can now be found from coast to coast in the United States. The name comes from the small prickles that can be found on the lower part of the stem and the midrib of the leaves. The plant is found in fields, places of waste, and roadsides. The leaves of the plant reach out towards the sun and for this reason the plant is sometimes called the Compass Plant. Prickly Lettuce can grow to be from two to five feet tall but should be harvested early on when it is a few inches high. The young leaves of the plant are very tender and make an excellent salad green. As a potherb, the plant needs little cooking and is commonly made with a sauce of melted butter or vinegar. Prickly lettuce should be harvested in spring or early summer.[30]
Lagenaria siceraria Bottle Gourd In Burma young leaves are boiled and eaten with nga peet spicy sauce[126][127]
Lallemantia iberica Dragon's head Cultivated in ancient times. Popular in Iran as green vegetable[128]
Lamium album White deadnettle [129]
Lamium amplexicaule Henbit deadnettle [130]
Lamium purpureum Red deadnettle Leaves of plants are eaten in salads or in stirfry.[131]
Lapsana communis Nipplewort Cultivated in Ancient Rome. Presently it is not valued as a leafy vegetable[132]
Launaea sarmentosa Kuḷḷafila Used in Maldivian cuisine, usually finely chopped and mixed with Maldive fish and grated coconut in a dish known as mas huni.[133]
Leichhardtia australis Bush Banana Traditional food of the Indigenous Australian people[134]
Leontodon hispidus Hawkbit Leontodon species are dandelion-like plants that are generally edible[135]
Leontodon tuberosus Popular in Crete as a leafy green[135]
Lepidium campestre Field pepperweed All Lepidium species are edible. Appreciated for their peppery taste[136]
Lepidium latifolium Dittander [137][138]
Lepidium meyenii Maca A traditional vegetable of the Andean mountain areas[139][140]
Lepidium sativum Garden cress Used in soups, sandwiches and salads for its tangy flavor[141][142]
Lepidium virginicum Virginia pepperweed [143]
Leucaena leucocephala Phak kratin Popular in Laos and Thailand (Isan)
Levisticum officinale Lovage Used in salads and soups. Flavor and smell are very similar to celery[144]
Limnocharis flava Genjer Used in Southeast Asia, but considered inferior fare in some places[145][146]
Limnophila aromatica Rice paddy herb, Ngò om Popular in Vietnamese cuisine as an ingredient in canh chua, a sweet and sour seafood soup[147]
Limnophila indica [148]
Lysimachia clethroides Gooseneck Loosestrife Edible, but considered poor fare[149]
Malva neglecta All Malva species are edible, but are generally considered poor fare or rough food[150][151]
Malva parviflora Cheeseweed [152]
Malva sylvestris Mallow [153]
Malva verticillata Musk Mallow
Malva verticillata var. crispa [154]
Manihot esculenta fosp. esculenta Cassava Should be always eaten boiled after disposing of the water. In some countries cassava leaves are regarded as a poor man's food and only eaten when there is nothing else.[155][156][157][158]
Marsilea crenata Semanggi Steamed leaf are used in certain areas of Java as component of pecel
Matteuccia struthiopteris Kogomi The sprouts are a delicacy in Japanese cuisine[159]
Megacarpaea polyandra 多蕊高河菜 duo rui gao he cai From the cabbage family. The young leaves are cooked as a vegetable in China[160]
Melanthera biflora Sea daisy The leaves and shoots are edible[161] and are eaten cooked in Malaysian cuisine as a leaf vegetable and in Langkhttp://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=2162awi raw with chilli and shrimp paste sambal.[162][163][164]
Mentha arvensis piperascens Japanese mint All Mentha species are edible, but generally used in small quantities as garnishing or in salads
Mentha longifolia Habek mint [165]
Mertensia maritima Sea bluebell Traditionally used as food after boiling by the Inuit [108]
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Ice plant [166][167]
Mimulus guttatus Seep monkey flower The raw or cooked leaves were one of the traditional foods of the Mendocino and Miwok Indians, among other native peoples[168][169]
Mirabilis expansa Mauka One of the important food crops of the ancient Inca empire. Leaves were eaten as a leaf vegetable or used raw in salads.[170]
Morinda citrifolia Noni tree Known as bai-yo in Thai cuisine the leaves are cooked with coconut milk in a curry.[171]
Moringa oleifera Drumstick tree Leaves are very popular in South Asia for curries and omelettes.[172][173][174]
Moringa ovalifolia South-west African moringa Found in northern Namibia and south-western Angola
Moringa stenopetala Ethiopian moringa [175]
Mycelis muralis Wall lettuce Leaves eaten raw in salads[176][177]
Myrianthus arboreus Ujuju Important food source in the Delta and Edo States of Nigeria[178]
Myriophyllum brasiliense Parrot feather Used as a leaf vegetable in South America[103]
Myrrhis odorata Cicely Young stalks and leaves are eaten in salads[179]
Nasturtium officinale Watercress One of the most popular salad greens in certain areas, but watercress crops grown in the presence of animal waste can be a haven for parasites such as the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica.[180]
Neptunia oleracea Loureiro Phak chet Widely used in Thailand. Eaten raw with Nam phrik[181]
Nymphaea odorata Fragrant Water Lily Young leaves were eaten as a vegetable by Native Americans[182]
Nymphoides indica Water Snowflake Young leaves and stems are edible.[183]
Nymphoides peltata Yellow floating heart [184]
Ocimum basilicum Sweet Basil Used in soups and sauces.[185]
O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora Thai basil Eaten both raw and cooked[186]
Ocimum × citriodorum Lemon basil Used throughout Southeast Asia[187]
Oenanthe javanica Water Celery Used in Southeast Asia and the Far East[188][189]
Oenothera biennis Common evening primrose [190][191]
Oenothera hookeri Hooker's Evening-primrose Leaves are cooked as greens[192]
Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern It was used as a vegetable by the Iroquois[193]
Oroxylum indicum Pheka Has edible leaves and stems, eaten especially in Isan (Thailand) and in Laos[194]
Oryza sativa Rice [195][196][197]
Osmorhiza aristata Grows in China and Japan[198][199]
Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon fern [200]
Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted fern [201]
Oxalis acetosella Common wood sorrel Oxalis species contain oxalic acid and should not be eaten for long periods in large quantities. If possible, they should be eaten after boiling and disposing of the water[202]
Oxalis corniculata Creeping woodsorrel [203]
Oxalis deppei Iron Cross Popular as a vegetable in Mexico for its sharp, lemony taste[204]
Oxalis oregana Redwood sorrel [205]
Oxalis stricta Common yellow woodsorrel [206]
Oxalis tuberosa Oca [207][208]
Oxalis violacea [209]
Oxyria digyna Mountain sorrel [210]
Pachira aquatica Money tree [211][212]
Pachira insignis [213]
Paederia foetida [214]
Parkia biglandulosa
Parkia speciosa Petai [215][216]
Parkinsonia florida Blue Palo Verde
Pastinaca sativa fosp. sativa Parsnip [217][218]
Patrinia scabiosifolia Golden lace
Patrinia villosa
Paulownia tomentosa Empress tree [219]
Pedalium murex Burra Gookeroo Mucilaginous[220]
Peperomia pellucida Clearweed [221][222]
Pereskia aculeata Barbados Gooseberry [223][224]
Pergularia daemia [225]
Perilla frutescens Perilla [226]
Persicaria hydropiper Water pepper The leaves of a cultivar of this plant are eaten in Japan[227]
Persicaria vulgaris
Petasites frigidus Arctic butterbur [228]
Petroselinum crispum Parsley Only eaten as garnish, not in large quantities [229]
Peucedanum ostruthium [230]
Phaseolus coccineus Runner Bean [231][232]
Phaseolus lunatus Lima Bean [233][234]
Phaseolus vulgaris Bean [235][236][237]
Phragmites australis Common Reed [238][239]
Phyla scaberrima Rough fogfruit
Phyllanthus acidus Star Gooseberry
Phyllanthus emblica Myrobalan [240]
Phyteuma orbiculare Round-headed rampion
Phytolacca acinosa Indian Pokeberry [241]
Phytolacca acinosa var. esculenta
Phytolacca americana American Pokeweed Poisonous until properly prepared.[242][243]
Phytolacca dioica Bella Sombra [244]
Phytolacca rivinoides Deer calalu [245][246][247]
Pimpinella anisum Aniseed [248][249]
Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet Saxifrage [250]
Pinus densiflora Japanese Red Pine [251][252]
Piper auritum Mexican pepperleaf Known as Hoja santa (holy leaf). Aromatic herb with a heart-shaped, velvety leaf often used in Mexican cuisine for tamales and sauces.[253]
Piper guineense West African pepper [254]
Piper sarmentosum Cha-phlu Popular in Thailand in Miang kham[255]
Pipturus argenteus Queensland grass-cloth plant [256]
Pisonia grandis Tree lettuce The leaves are traditionally used as a leaf vegetable in some countries.[257] Traditionally eaten by Maldivians in Mas huni.[133]
Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache [258][259]
Pistacia terebinthus Terebinth [260][261]
Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce [262]
Pisum sativum Garden pea [263][264]
Plantago coronopus Buckshorn plantain Some people may be allergic to this plant.[265][266]
Plantago lanceolata Long-leaved plantain [267]
Plantago major Broad-leaved Plantain [268]
Plantago maritima [269]
Pluchea indica [270]
Podophyllum hexandrum Himalayan mayapple [271]
Poliomintha incana [272]
Polygonum aviculare Knotweed [273]
Polygonum bistorta Bistort [274]
Polygonum bistortoides American Bistort [275]
Polygonum punctatum
Polygonum viviparum Alpine bistort [276]
Poncirus trifoliata Trifoliate orange [277]
Pontederia cordata [278]
Portulaca oleracea Common purslane Popular in Greek cuisine[279][280]
Portulaca pilosa
Portulacaria afra Elephant Bush
Primula veris Cowslip [281][282]
Primula vulgaris Primrose [283]
Pringlea antiscorbutica Kerguelen cabbage Its leaves contain a Vitamin C-rich oil, a fact which, in the days of sailing ships, made it very attractive to British sailors suffering from scurvy[284]
Prosopis spicegera
Prunella vulgaris [285]
Psoralea esculenta Prairie turnip The prairie turnip is a legume that was often used by American Indians located in the Great Plains. Roots of the legumes provide a valuable source of protein, minerals, and carbohydrates. Most turnips have white skin and the portion of the plant that is seen above the ground is purple, red, or green in color. The root below the surface is known as the taproot and is usually around 5-20 centimeters in diameter.[286]
Pteris ensiformis
Ptychosperma elegans
Pulicaria odora
Pulmonaria officinalis Lungwort [287]
Puya caerulea
Puya chilensis [288]
Pyrus betulaefolia Birch-Leaved Pear
Ranunculus ficaria Lesser celandine [289]
Raphanus raphanistrum Wild radish [290]
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. landra
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus
Raphanus sativus Radish [291][292]
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus Chinese radish
Raphia hookeri Raffia palm [293][294]
Reichardia picroides French Scorzonera [295]
Rhamnus dahurica
Rheum rhabarbarum
Rheum tataricum
Rhexia virginica Meadow beauty [296]
Rhodiola rosea Roseroot [297]
Rhododendron arboreum [298]
Rhopalostylis sapida Nikau
Ribes cereum [299]
Ribes divaricatum [300]
Ribes nigrum Blackcurrant [301][302]
Ribes odoratum [303]
Rorippa indica [304]
Rorippa islandica
Rosa multiflora Seven Sisters Rose [305]
Roystonea elata
Roystonea oleracea
Rubus rosaefolius [306]
Rumex acetosa Sorrel Many species of Rumex are edible, but they contain a relatively high proportion of oxalic acid. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly and leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.[307][308]
Salicornia europaea Glasswort Glasswort is a leafless plant with jointed stems that are a light green color in the summer and a red color in the fall. There are very small flowers within the segmented portions of the plant. The plant is found in coastal salt marshes and alkaline soils within south Nova Scotia and Eastern and central North America. The stems have a salty flavor and can be harvested to be used in salads, as a puree, or as a pickled condiment.[309]
Salix babylonica Weeping Willow [310]
Salix daphnoides [311]
Salix gracilistyla Rosegold pussy willow
Salsola kali Saltwort [312][313]
Salsola komarovii Land Seaweed
Salsola soda Opposite leaved saltwort [314]
Salvadora persica Toothbrush tree [315]
Sambucus javanica [316]
Sambucus sieboldiana [317]
Sanguisorba canadensis [318]
Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet [319]
Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet
Sassafras albidum Sassafras [320]
Sauropus androgynus Katuk A traditional vegetable in some tropical countries that should be consumed in moderate quantities due to the presence of papaverine[321][322][323]
Saxifraga pensylvanica Eastern Swamp Saxifrage The Cherokee traditionally ate the leaves raw as greens[324][325]
Saxifraga stolonifera Creeping Rockfoil Occasionally used fresh or cooked in Japanese cuisine[326]
Schleichera oleosa [327][328]
Scolymus hispanicus Tagarnina Edible thistle. Popular in Southern Spanish cuisine [329]
Scolymus maculatus Spotted golden thistle [329]
Scorzonera hispanica Scorzonera [330][331]
Scutellaria baicalensis Baikal Skullcap [332]
Sechium edule Chayote [333][334]
Sedum anacampseros Love-restorer All stonecrops (Sedum) are edible, but are generally mediocre food.[335]
Sedum divergens Spreading stonecrop Traditional salad vegetable of the Haida and the Nisga'a people of Northwest British Columbia.[336]
Sedum reflexum Jenny's stonecrop Occasionally used as a salad leaf or herb in Europe.[337]
Sedum rhodanthum Rose crown [338]
Sedum telephium Livelong [339]
Senna occidentalis Digutiyara Traditionally eaten in the Maldives in Mas huni. Leaves are finely chopped.[133]
Senna siamea Cassod Tree Used in Thai cuisine in a curry named Kaeng khilek. Leaves are boiled and strained and the water discarded.[340]
Sesamum alatum Sésame de gazelle Eaten in dry regions of Africa like Chad as a vegetable. Considered as famine food in some areas[341][342][343]
Sesamum indicum Sesame [344][345]
Sesamum radiatum Benniseed Fresh leaves and young shoots are a popular leafy vegetable in Africa[346][347][348]
Sesbania grandiflora West Indian pea [349][350][351]
Sesbania sesban Sesban [352]
Sesuvium portulacastrum Sea Purselane [353]
Setaria palmifolia Palm-grass [354][355]
Sicyos angulatus [356]
Sida rhombifolia Arrowleaf sida
Sidalcea neomexicana
Silaum silaus Pepper saxifrage Despite the name, it is neither a saxifrage nor peppery in taste[357]
Silene acaulis Moss campion [358]
Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Collejas; a traditional green in Manchego cuisine, Spain[359][360]
Silybum marianum Blessed milk thistle [361]
Sinapis alba White Mustard [362][363]
Sinapis arvensis Charlock [364]
Sisymbrium altissimum [365]
Sisymbrium crassifolium [366]
Sisymbrium irio London rocket
Sisymbrium officinale Hedge mustard [367]
Sium cicutaefolium
Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders [368]
Solenostemon rotundifolius Chinese potato [369][370]
Solidago missouriensis [371]
Sonchus arvensis Field sow-thistle [372]
Sonchus asper Spiny-leaved sow thistle [373]
Sonchus oleraceus Sow Thistle Leaves are eaten as salad greens or cooked like spinach. This is one of the species used in Chinese cuisine as kŭcài (菜; lit. bitter vegetable).[374]
Sophora japonica Pagoda-tree [375]
Spathiphyllum phryniifolium
Sphenoclea zeylanica [376]
Sphenostylis stenocarpa [377][378]
Spilanthes acmella Toothache Plant
Spinacia oleracea Spinach Spinach contains a certain proportion of oxalic acid. Raw leaves should be eaten sparingly. In dishes that include large quantities, leaves should preferably be used after boiling and disposing of the water.[379][380]
Spirodela polyrhiza Greater Duck-weed [381]
Spondias dulcis Otaheite Apple [382][383]
Spondias mombin Yellow mombin [384][385]
Spondias purpurea Jocote [386][387]
Stanleya pinnatifida
Stellaria media Common Chickweed [388][389]
Stenochlaena palustris
Sterculia foetida [390]
Sterculia tragacantha
Strychnos spinosa Natal orange [391][392]
Suaeda maritima Sea Blite [393]
Symphytum officinale [394]
Symphytum uplandicum
Synedrella nodiflora [395]
Syzygium malaccense Malay apple [396][397]
Syzygium polycephalum [398]
Talinum paniculatum Jewels of Opar
Talinum portulacifolium [399]
Talinum triangulare [400]
Tanacetum vulgare Tansy [401]
Taraxacum albidum
Taraxacum officinale Dandelion [402][403]
‘‘Telfairia occidentalis’‘ Fluted gourd [404][405]
Telosma cordata
Tetracarpidium conophorum
Tetragonia decumbens
Tetragonia implexicoma [406]
Tetragonia tetragonioides New Zealand Spinach [407][408]
Thalia geniculata
Thespesia populnea Portia tree [409]
Thlaspi arvense Pennycress [410]
Thymus vulgaris Common Thyme [411]
Tiliacora triandra
Toddalia asiatica [412]
Toona sinensis Chinese Mahogany
Tordylium apulum [413]
Trachycarpus fortunei Windmill Palm [414]
Tradescantia virginiana [415]
Tragopogon dubius Western salsify [416]
Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify [417][418]
Tragopogon pratensis Goat's Beard [419]
Trianthema portulacastrum [420]
Trichodesma zeylanicum
Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Clover leaves are edible, but should be dipped in salt water before eating or preparation to aid in digestion[421][422]
Trifolium pratense Red Clover [423][424]
Trifolium repens White Clover [425]
Trigonella caerulea Sweet Trefoil [426]
Trigonella corniculata [427][428]
Trillium erectum Wake-robin [429]
Trillium grandiflorum White trillium [430]
Trillium sessile
Trillium undulatum Painted trillium [431]
Tropaeolum majus Garden Nasturtium [432][433]
Tropaeolum minus Dwarf Nasturtium [434][435]
Tropaeolum tuberosum Mashua [436][437]
Tulbaghia alliacea [438]
Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot [439]
Typha capensis
Typha elephantina [440]
Ullucus tuberosus Ulluco [441][442]
Ulmus pumila Siberian elm [443]
Urena lobata Rose Mallow [444]
Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle A good pot herb. Often also used as famine food[445]
Urtica urens Annual Nettle [446]
Valerianella eriocarpa Italian Corn Salad [447][448]
Valerianella locusta Corn Salad [449][450]
Vallaris heynei
Verbena officinalis European Verbena [451]
Vernonia amygdalina Bitter leaf [452][453]
Veronica anagallis-aquatica Water Speedwell [454]
Veronica beccabunga Brooklime [455]
Veronicastrum sibiricum
Viola adunca [456]
Viola canadensis Canada Violet [457]
Viola odorata Sweet Violet [458]
Viola papilionacea
Viola pedata Bird's Foot Violet [459]
Viola sororia Common blue violet
Viola x wittrockiana
Vitex doniana [460]
Vitis amurensis Amur grape [461]
Vitis californica California wild grape [462]
Vitis coignetiae
Vitis labrusca Northern Fox Grape [463][464]
Vitis munsoniana
Vitis shuttleworthii
Vitis vinifera Grape [465][466][467]
Wasabia japonica Wasabi Fresh leaves can be eaten, having the spicy flavor of wasabi roots
Wisteria floribunda Japanese wisteria [468]
Wolffia arrhiza [469]
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Yellowhorn
Xanthosoma atrovirens
Xanthosoma brasiliense [470][471]
Xanthosoma sagittifolium [472][473]
Xanthosoma violaceum [474][475]
Ximenia americana [476][477]
Zanthoxylum piperitum
Zanthoxylum planispinum
Zingiber zerumbet Awapuhi [478]

Tagairtí

[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]
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  11. ↑ "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16.
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  13. ↑ "Ecoport". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-02-18. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
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  320. ↑ "Entity Display : Sassafras albidum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
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  360. ↑ "Entity Display : Silene vulgaris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2012-07-12.
  361. ↑ "Entity Display : Silybum marianum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  362. ↑ "Entity Display : Sinapis alba". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
  363. ↑ "Duke".
  364. ↑ "Entity Display : Sinapis arvensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  365. ↑ "Entity Display : Sisymbrium altissimum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  366. ↑ "Entity Display : Sisymbrium crassifolium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  367. ↑ "Entity Display : Sisymbrium officinale". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  368. ↑ "Entity Display : Smyrnium olusatrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  369. ↑ "GRIN #70741". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  370. ↑ "Entity Display : Solenostemon rotundifolius". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  371. ↑ "Entity Display : Solidago missouriensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  372. ↑ "Entity Display : Sonchus arvensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  373. ↑ "Entity Display : Sonchus asper". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  374. ↑ "Kucai" (Chinese). Baidu Encyclopedia (苦菜_百度百科).
  375. ↑ "Entity Display : Sophora japonica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
  376. ↑ "Entity Display : Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
  377. ↑ "GRIN #1157". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  378. ↑ "Entity Display : Sphenostylis stenocarpa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  379. ↑ "GRIN #1158". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  380. ↑ "Entity Display : Spinacia oleracea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  381. ↑ "Entity Display : Spirodela polyrhiza". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  382. ↑ "GRIN #1159". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  383. ↑ "Entity Display : Spondias dulcis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-13.
  384. ↑ "GRIN #1160". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  385. ↑ "Entity Display : Spondias mombin". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-01-12.
  386. ↑ "GRIN #1161". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-08-03. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  387. ↑ "Entity Display : Spondias purpurea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-19. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  388. ↑ "GRIN #1165". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  389. ↑ "Entity Display : Stellaria media". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  390. ↑ "Entity Display : Sterculia foetida L.". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  391. ↑ "GRIN #1172". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  392. ↑ "Entity Display : Strychnos spinosa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  393. ↑ "Entity Display : Suaeda maritima". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  394. ↑ "Entity Display : Symphytum officinale". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  395. ↑ "Entity Display : Synedrella nodiflora". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  396. ↑ "GRIN #1182". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  397. ↑ "Entity Display : Syzygium malaccense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2016-01-16. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  398. ↑ "Entity Display : Syzygium polycephalum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  399. ↑ "Entity Display : Talinum portulacifolium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  400. ↑ "Entity Display : Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  401. ↑ "Entity Display : Tanacetum vulgare". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  402. ↑ "GRIN #1189". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  403. ↑ "Entity Display : Taraxacum officinale". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  404. ↑ "GRIN #1190". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  405. ↑ "Entity Display : Telfairia occidentalis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  406. ↑ "Entity Display : Tetragonia implexicoma". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  407. ↑ "GRIN #1194". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  408. ↑ "Entity Display : Tetragonia tetragonioides". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  409. ↑ "Entity Display : Thespesia populnea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-02-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  410. ↑ "Entity Display : Thlaspi arvense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  411. ↑ "Entity Display : Thymus vulgaris". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  412. ↑ "Entity Display : Toddalia asiatica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  413. ↑ "Entity Display : Tordylium apulum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  414. ↑ "Entity Display : Trachycarpus fortunei". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-02-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  415. ↑ "Entity Display : Tradescantia virginiana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-24. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  416. ↑ "Entity Display : Tragopogon dubius". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  417. ↑ "GRIN #1205". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  418. ↑ "Entity Display : Tragopogon porrifolius". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  419. ↑ "Entity Display : Tragopogon pratensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  420. ↑ "Entity Display : Trianthema portulacastrum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  421. ↑ Wild Plants Curtha i gcartlann 2016-02-18 ar an Wayback Machine
  422. ↑ "Entity Display : Trifolium hybridum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 8 July 2012.
  423. ↑ "Entity Display : Trifolium pratense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 9 July 2012.
  424. ↑ "Trifolium pratense".
  425. ↑ "Entity Display : Trifolium repens". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 July 2012.
  426. ↑ "Entity Display : Trigonella caerulea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 8 July 2012.
  427. ↑ "GRIN #1217". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  428. ↑ "Entity Display : Trigonella corniculata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  429. ↑ "Entity Display : Trillium erectum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  430. ↑ "Entity Display : Trillium grandiflorum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  431. ↑ "Entity Display : Trillium undulatum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  432. ↑ "GRIN #1235". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  433. ↑ "Entity Display : Tropaeolum majus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  434. ↑ "GRIN #1236". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  435. ↑ "Entity Display : Tropaeolum minus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  436. ↑ "GRIN #1237". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  437. ↑ "Entity Display : Tropaeolum tuberosum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  438. ↑ "Entity Display : Tulbaghia alliacea". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  439. ↑ "Entity Display : Tussilago farfara". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2008-02-22. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  440. ↑ "Entity Display : Typha elephantina". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  441. ↑ "GRIN #1242". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  442. ↑ "Entity Display : Ullucus tuberosus". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  443. ↑ "Entity Display : Ulmus pumila". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  444. ↑ "Entity Display : Urena lobata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-03-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  445. ↑ "Entity Display : Urtica dioica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 15 July 2012.
  446. ↑ "Entity Display : Urtica urens". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 July 2012.
  447. ↑ "GRIN #1259". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  448. ↑ "Entity Display : Valerianella eriocarpa". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  449. ↑ "GRIN #1260". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  450. ↑ "Entity Display : Valerianella locusta". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  451. ↑ "Entity Display : Verbena officinalis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  452. ↑ "GRIN #1264". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  453. ↑ "Entity Display : Vernonia amygdalina". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  454. ↑ "Entity Display : Veronica anagallis-aquatica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  455. ↑ "Entity Display : Veronica beccabunga". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  456. ↑ "Entity Display : Viola adunca". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  457. ↑ "Entity Display : Viola canadensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  458. ↑ "Entity Display : Viola odorata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  459. ↑ "Entity Display : Viola pedata". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  460. ↑ "Entity Display : Vitex doniana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  461. ↑ "Entity Display : Vitis amurensis". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  462. ↑ "Entity Display : Vitis californica". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  463. ↑ "GRIN #1285". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-09. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  464. ↑ "Entity Display : Vitis labrusca". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  465. ↑ "GRIN #1287". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-13. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  466. ↑ "Entity Display : Vitis vinifera". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-13. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  467. ↑ "Vitis vinifera".
  468. ↑ "Entity Display : Wisteria floribunda". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  469. ↑ "Entity Display : Wolffia arrhiza". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 8 July 2012.
  470. ↑ "GRIN #1292". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-12. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  471. ↑ "Entity Display : Xanthosoma brasiliense". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
  472. ↑ "GRIN #1294". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  473. ↑ "Entity Display : Xanthosoma sagittifolium". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2006-05-17. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  474. ↑ "GRIN #1295". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-11. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  475. ↑ "Entity Display : Xanthosoma violaceum". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  476. ↑ "GRIN #1296". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 2020-07-10. Dáta rochtana: 2020-07-07.
  477. ↑ "Entity Display : Ximenia americana". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 12 January 2013.
  478. ↑ "Entity Display : Zingiber zerumbet". Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 13 January 2013.
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