Substaintí sár- agus polafhluarailcile
Is comhdhúile ceimiceacha sintéiseacha orgánafluairín iad substaintí sárfhluarailcile agus polafhluarailcile (SSPF) (Béarla: perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, PFASs nó fiú PFASanna) a bhfuil adaimh iolracha fluairín acu ceangailte le slabhra ailcile. Tá na mílte SSPF ann[1] ach tá ar a laghad earra sárfhluarailcile amháin iontu,–C n F 2n –. [2][3][4]
De réir na hEagraíochta um Chomhar agus Fhorbairt Eacnamaíochta (ECFE): [5][6]
PFASs are defined as fluorinated substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), i.e. with a few noted exceptions, any chemical with at least a perfluorinated methyl group (–CF3) or a perfluorinated methylene group (–CF2–) is a PFAS.
Truailliú
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Is substaint thocsaineach iad na SSPF[7] agus is guais don tsláinte iad.[8] Tá an leathré an-fhada ar fad agus mar sin tugtar "truailliú buan"[9] orthu. Agus na SSPF ag carnadh go deo, foilsíodh taighde ar an 2 Lúnasa 2022 ag fógairt go bhfuil na SSPF ag éirí uileláithreach timpeall an domhain.[10] Níor tuigeadh go maith na contúirtí roimh na 2020idí. Ach anois tá feachtais ann le daoine a chur ar an eolas faoi na SSPF.
SSPF in Éirinn
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]Tá an tSaotharlann Stáit ag tacú leis an nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil faireachán a dhéanamh ar na SSPF in Éirinn. Mar shampla, déanann sí anailís ar na samplaí éisc chun a shuí an bhfuil aon substaintí SSPF iontu, chun tacú le clár nua faireacháin bithraí in uiscí dromchla intíre.[11]
Naisc sheachtracha
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- Cancer fears plague residents of US region polluted by ‘forever chemicals’
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at the National Toxicology Program
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Your Health at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at the United States Environmental Protection Agency
- Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFAS) at the European Chemicals Agency
- PFAS Contamination [map] in the U.S. by the Environmental Working Group
Tagairtí
[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]- ↑ mar shampla, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) agus go leor eile
- ↑ "Téacsanna atá glactha - Déardaoin, 28 Márta 2019" (ga). www.europarl.europa.eu. Dáta rochtana: 2024-08-02.
- ↑ "Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins" (October 2011). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 7 (4): 513–41. doi:. PMID 21793199.
- ↑ "Zürich Statement on Future Actions on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)" (August 2018). Environmental Health Perspectives 126 (8): 84502. doi:. PMID 30235423.
- ↑ OECD: Reconciling Terminology of the Universe of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Recommendations and Practical Guidance Error in Webarchive template: Empty url., OECD Series on Risk Management, No. 61, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2021, p. 23.
- ↑ Wang (2021-11-09). "A New OECD Definition for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances". Environmental Science & Technology 55 (23): 15575–15578. doi:. PMID 34751569. Bibcode: 2021EnST...5515575W.
- ↑ "What are PFAS and how are they dangerous for my health? — European Environment Agency" (en). www.eea.europa.eu. Dáta rochtana: 2023-08-02.
- ↑ Domenico Leonello, Murilo Alexandre Fendrich, Francesco Parrino, Nainesh Patel, Michele Orlandi, Antonio Miotello (2021-01). "Light-Induced Advanced Oxidation Processes as PFAS Remediation Methods: A Review" (as en). Applied Sciences 11 (18): 8458. doi:. ISSN 2076-3417.
- ↑ i mBéarla, 'forever chemicals'
- ↑ Ian T. Cousins*, Jana H. Johansson, Matthew E. Salter, Bo Sha, and Martin Scheringer (2022). "Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)". Dáta rochtana: 2023.
- ↑ An tSaotharlann Stáit (2022). "Ráiteas Straitéise 2023-2026". Dáta rochtana: 2024.