Meitiliú ADN

Is éard atá i meitiliú ADN grúpaí meitile a chur le móilín an ADN. Tig leis an meitiliú gníomhaíocht teascáin ADN a athrú gan an seicheamh a athrú. Nuair atá an meitiliú suite i spreagthóir, is iondúil go ndéanann sé tras-scríobh géinte a shrianadh. Is gá meitiliú DNA a bheith ann i gcomhair gnáthfhorbartha i mammaigh.

Is féidir dhá cheann de na ceithre bhun de DNA, cíotósín agus adainín, a mheitiliú. Tá meitiliú an chíotóisín le fáil go forleathan in eocaróit agus in prócaróit, cé gur mór an difríocht idir ráta mheitiliú an ADN de réir an speicis.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Tá meitiliú adainíne le feiceáil in ADN baictéirí, plandaí agus mammach.^[5]^[6]

Galracha

Tá taighdeoirí ag scrúdú na nascanna idir meitiliú ADN agus galracha daonna ar nós lúpais, ailse, distróife matánach, agus éalanga ó bhroinn. B’fhéidir go bhféadfaí teacht roimh ghalracha a thagann chun cinn i rith fhás an tsutha de thoradh mheitiliú mínormálta an chrómasóim X agus inphriontáil géinte.

Tá cuid mhór den taighde dírithe ar ailse agus ar ghéinte a shrianann ailse. Is minic a “chiúnaíonn” meitiliú mínormálta (hipirmheitiliú) na géinte úd i gcealla ailseacha. I gcomparáid le gnáthchealla, tá na meitiliú chun tosaigh i ngéanóim i gcealla ailseacha i gcoitinne: tá sé le fáil i ngéinte a bhaineann le siadaí ionracha, rialú timthrialla cille, deisiú ADN agus próisis eile ina bhfuil ciúnú déanta agus ailse ag leathnú.

Nótaí

↑ "Methylation of the deoxyribonucleic acid of Physarum polycephalum at various periods during the mitotic cycle" (December 1970). The Journal of Biological Chemistry 245 (23): 6436–41. PMID 5530731.
↑ "Trace analysis of methylated and hydroxymethylated cytosines in DNA by isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS: first evidence of DNA methylation in Caenorhabditis elegans" (January 2015). The Biochemical Journal 465 (1): 39–47. doi:10.1042/bj20140844. PMID 25299492.
↑ "Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of eukaryotic DNA methylation" (May 2010). Science 328 (5980): 916–9. doi:10.1126/science.1186366. PMID 20395474.
↑ "Cytosine DNA methylation is found in Drosophila melanogaster but absent in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other yeast species" (April 2014). Analytical Chemistry 86 (8): 3697–702. doi:10.1021/ac500447w. PMID 24640988.
↑ "N6-methyladenine: the other methylated base of DNA" (March 2006). BioEssays 28 (3): 309–15. doi:10.1002/bies.20342. PMID 16479578.
↑ "DNA methylation on N(6)-adenine in mammalian embryonic stem cells" (April 2016). Nature 532 (7599): 329–33. doi:10.1038/nature17640. PMID 27027282.

[ReferenceA-1] "Methylation of the deoxyribonucleic acid of Physarum polycephalum at various periods during the mitotic cycle" (December 1970). The Journal of Biological Chemistry 245 (23): 6436–41. PMID 5530731.

[2] "Trace analysis of methylated and hydroxymethylated cytosines in DNA by isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS: first evidence of DNA methylation in Caenorhabditis elegans" (January 2015). The Biochemical Journal 465 (1): 39–47. doi:10.1042/bj20140844. PMID 25299492.

[:1-3] "Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of eukaryotic DNA methylation" (May 2010). Science 328 (5980): 916–9. doi:10.1126/science.1186366. PMID 20395474.

[pmid24640988-4] "Cytosine DNA methylation is found in Drosophila melanogaster but absent in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other yeast species" (April 2014). Analytical Chemistry 86 (8): 3697–702. doi:10.1021/ac500447w. PMID 24640988.

[5] "N6-methyladenine: the other methylated base of DNA" (March 2006). BioEssays 28 (3): 309–15. doi:10.1002/bies.20342. PMID 16479578.

[6] "DNA methylation on N(6)-adenine in mammalian embryonic stem cells" (April 2016). Nature 532 (7599): 329–33. doi:10.1038/nature17640. PMID 27027282.

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