An difríocht idir athruithe ar: "Fungas"
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[[af:Swam]] |
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[[als:Pilze]] |
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[[am:ፈንገስ]] |
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[[an:Fungi]] |
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[[ar:فطر]] |
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[[ast:Fungi]] |
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[[az:Göbələklər]] |
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[[ba:Бәшмәктәр]] |
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[[bat-smg:Kremblē]] |
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[[be:Грыбы]] |
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[[be-x-old:Грыбы]] |
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[[bg:Гъби]] |
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[[bn:ছত্রাক]] |
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[[br:Fungi]] |
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[[bs:Gljive]] |
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[[ca:Fong]] |
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[[cs:Houby]] |
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[[csb:Grzëbë]] |
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[[cv:Кăмпа]] |
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[[cy:Ffwng]] |
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[[da:Svampe]] |
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[[de:Pilze]] |
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[[dsb:Griby]] |
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[[el:Μύκητας]] |
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[[en:Fungus]] |
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[[eo:Fungoj]] |
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[[es:Fungi]] |
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[[et:Seened]] |
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[[eu:Onddo]] |
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[[ext:Fungi]] |
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[[fa:اکال]] |
[[fa:اکال]] |
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[[fi:Sienet]] |
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[[fiu-vro:Siin]] |
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[[fo:Soppar]] |
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[[fr:Fungi]] |
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[[frr:Swaampen (hoodkategorii)]] |
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[[gd:Fungas]] |
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[[gl:Fungo (bioloxía)]] |
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[[gn:Urupe]] |
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[[gv:Fungys]] |
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[[he:פטריות]] |
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[[hi:फफूंद]] |
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[[hif:Fungus]] |
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[[hr:Gljive]] |
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[[hsb:Hriby]] |
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[[ht:Chanpiyon]] |
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[[hu:Gombák]] |
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[[hy:Սունկ]] |
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[[id:Fungi]] |
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[[is:Sveppir]] |
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[[it:Fungi]] |
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[[ja:菌類]] |
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[[jv:Fungi]] |
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[[ka:სოკოები]] |
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[[kk:Саңырауқұлақтар]] |
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[[kn:ಶಿಲೀಂಧ್ರ]] |
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[[ko:균계]] |
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[[ku:Kuv]] |
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[[la:Fungi]] |
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[[lb:Pilzeräich]] |
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[[lez:Къарникъуз]] |
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[[li:Käöme]] |
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[[lij:Fungi]] |
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[[lmo:Fungi]] |
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[[ln:Liyɛbú]] |
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[[lt:Grybai]] |
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[[lv:Sēnes]] |
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[[mdf:Панга]] |
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[[mk:Габа]] |
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[[ml:പൂപ്പൽ]] |
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[[mr:बुरशी]] |
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[[ms:Kulat]] |
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[[myv:Пангт]] |
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[[nah:Nanacatl]] |
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[[nds:Poggenstöhl]] |
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[[ne:ढुसी]] |
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[[nl:Schimmels]] |
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[[nn:Sopp]] |
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[[no:Sopper]] |
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[[nv:Chʼosh doo yitʼíinii dláádí dóó Ábishjaaʼ]] |
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[[oc:Mycota]] |
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[[pam:Fungus]] |
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[[pl:Grzyby]] |
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[[pnb:فنگس]] |
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[[pt:Fungi]] |
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[[qu:K'allampa]] |
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[[ro:Regnul Fungi]] |
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[[ru:Грибы]] |
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[[rue:Грибы]] |
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[[sah:Тэллэйдэр]] |
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[[sc:Cordolinu]] |
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[[scn:Funci]] |
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[[se:Guobbarat]] |
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[[sh:Gljiva]] |
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[[si:දිලීර]] |
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[[simple:Fungus]] |
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[[sk:Huby]] |
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[[sl:Glive]] |
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[[so:Boqoshaa]] |
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[[sr:Гљиве]] |
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[[stq:Poagenstoule (Riek)]] |
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[[sv:Svampar]] |
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[[sw:Kuvu]] |
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[[szl:Grziby]] |
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[[ta:பூஞ்சை]] |
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[[te:శిలీంధ్రం]] |
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[[th:เห็ดรา]] |
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[[tl:Fungus]] |
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[[to:Talingelinga]] |
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[[tr:Mantarlar]] |
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[[tt:Гөмбәләр]] |
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[[udm:Губи]] |
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[[ug:زەمبۇرۇغ]] |
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[[uk:Гриби]] |
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[[ur:فطر]] |
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[[vec:Funghi]] |
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[[vi:Nấm]] |
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[[wa:Tchampion]] |
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[[war:Fungus]] |
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[[xal:Теңгрин ки]] |
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[[yi:שוואם]] |
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[[yo:Èbu]] |
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[[zh:真菌]] |
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[[zh-classical:真菌]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Chin-khún]] |
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[[zh-yue:真菌]] |
Leagan ó 18:09, 7 Márta 2013
Teimpléad:Bosca Sonraí Tacsanomaíochta Is orgánach eocarótach é an Fungas a bhaineann leis an ríocht Fungi. Is grúpa monaifíléiteach iad na fungais a dtugtar Eumycota (fíor-fhungais nó Eumycetes) orthu, agus iad difriuil leis na slam-mhúscáin (myxomycetes) agus na huisce-mhúscáin (oomycetes). Is deacair fungais a thabhairt faoi deara: tá siad beag agus maireann san ithir, ar ábhar marbh agus ar rudaí beo. Is mór an bhaint atá acu le lobhadh agus le hathchúrsáil cothaitheach. Is féidir cuid acu a ithe, agus is maith an sás chun laibhiniú agus chun coipeadh iad. Baintear feidhm astu freisin chun antaibheathaigh agus eimsímí tionsclaíocha a dhéanamh. Tugtar an mhíceolaíocht ar an disciplín bitheolaíoch a bhaineann le staidéar na bhfungas, agus is minic a luaitear leis an Luibheolaíocht é, cé gur gaire na fungais d'ainmhithe ná do phlandaí.
Tá an iliomad saghsanna ann. Tá cuntas foirmiúil le fáil ar thimpeall 100,000 spéiceas,[1] ach níl láneolas againn fós ar éagsúlacht na bhfungas.[2]
Moirfeolaíocht
De ghnáth cuirtear atáirgeadh gnéasach agus éignéasach i gcrích trí spórú agus is minic sain-struchtúir nó spórthorthaí ann chuige. Chuaigh de chumas roinnt fungas struchtúr atáirgeach a chruthú, agus nuair a shíolraíonn siad ní bhíonn ann ach atáirgeadh fásúil.
Fásann an chuid is mó de na fungais mar hífí, filiméid atá idir 2–10 micriméadar trasna agus a fhéadann a bheith cúpla ceintiméadair ar fad. Fásann hífí as a mbarr agus tagann na hífí nua amach ina gcraobhacha,[3] agus fásann mícéiliam, gréasán hífí, dá bharr.[4]
Is féidir le hífí a bheith fochrach nó céanaicíteach. Tá hífí fochracha roinnte ina ranna a bhfuil fochraí eatartha agus núicléas nó roinnt núicléas i ngach roinn. Tá póir idir na ranna a ligeann do chíteaplasma, d’organáidí agus do núicléis dul siar agus aniar. Os a choinne sin, is cealla ilnúicléacha iad na hífí céanaicíteacha.[5]
Tagairtí
- ↑ Rangaítear an méid spéiceas i ngach fíleam de réir an 10ú heagrán de Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al., 2008): Ascomycota, 64,163 spéiceas (lch 55); Basidiomycota, 31,515 (lch 78); Blastocladiomycota, 179 (lch 94); Chytridiomycota, 706 (lch 142); Glomeromycota, 169 (lch 287); Microsporidia, >1300 (lch 427); Neocallimastigomycota, 20 (lch 463).
- ↑ Mueller G.M., Schmit J.P. (2006). “Fungal biodiversity: what do we know? What can we predict?” Biodiversity and Conservation, imleabhar 16, lgh 1–5.
- ↑ Harris S.D. (2008). “Branching of fungal hyphae: regulation, mechanisms and comparison with other branching systems,” Mycologia, imleabhar 50, lgh 823–32, eagrán 6.
- ↑ Alexopoulos et al., lch 30.
- ↑ Chang S-T, Miles P.G. (2004). Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect and Environmental Impact. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-1043-1
Naisc
Fungais Oirdheisceart na hAstráile
Leabhair
- Ainsworth G.C. Introduction to the History of Mycology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 1976. ISBN 0-521-11295-8
- Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. Introductory Mycology. 1996. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-52229-5
- Deacon J. Fungal Biology. Blackwell Publishers, Cambridge, MA. 2005. ISBN 1-4051-3066-0
- Hall IR. Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 2003. ISBN 0-88192-586-1
- Hanson JR. The Chemistry of Fungi. 2008. Royal Society Of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-136-2
- Jennings DH, Lysek G. Fungal Biology: Understanding the Fungal Lifestyle. 1996. Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd, Guildford, UK. ISBN 978-1-85996-150-6
- Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi (an 10ú heagrán). CABI, Wallingford. 2008. ISBN 0-85199-826-7
- Taylor EL, Taylor TN. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1993. ISBN 0-13-651589-4
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