IPA don Ghaeilge

Ón Vicipéid, an chiclipéid shaor.

Taispeánann na cairteanna thíos Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta (AIF) fuaimnithe na Gaeilge in ailt ar an Vicipéid. Féach fóineolaíocht na Gaeilge le tuilleadh plé ar an bhfóineolaíocht a fheiceáil.

Consain
leathan[1] caol[2] Neasleaganacha sa Bhéarla
IPA Sampla IPA Sampla
b bain, scuab béal, cnáib boot; beautiful
d dorn, nead dearg, cuid do (but dental), though in Hiberno-English; dew
f fós, graf
pholl
fíon, stuif
phríosún
fool; fuel
ɡ gasúr, bog ɟ geata, carraig goose; argue
ɣ dhorn
ghasúr
j dhearg
gheata
(no equivalent); yellow
h[3] Shasana, shean
thaisce, theanga
hata, na héisc
hand
k cáis, mac c ceist, mic coot; cute
l̪ˠ}}[4] labhair, balla l̠ʲ[4] leabhair, goilleadh filth; million
[4] fhlaith, bealach [4] fhleasc, goile pool; leaf
m mór, am milis, im moot; mute
n̪ˠ[5] naoi, donna n̠ʲ[5] ní, bainne tenth; inch
[5] dona [5] bainis noon; new
ŋ ngasúr ɲ ngeata lasagna
p poll, stop príosún, truip poor; pure
ɾ rí, cuairt, barr, cairr ɾʲ fhréamh, tirim rule (but tapped); real (but tapped)
s Sasana, tús, speal ʃ sean, cáis soon; sheet
t taisce, ceart tír, beirt tool (but dental), thorn in Hiberno-English; tune
w[6] bhain, dubh
mhór, léamh
vóta
bhéal, sibh
mhilis, nimh
veidhlín
have or wallow; view
x cháis, taoiseach ç cheist, deich loch (Scottish English); hue (pronounced strongly)
Gutaí
IPA Samplaí Neasleagan sa Bhéarla
a mac up
tá father
ɛ ceist best
mé, Gael air
ɪ ith, duine kit
mín mean
ɔ olc, deoch cloth
bó, ceol roll
ʊ dubh, fliuch good
tú too
ə solas, milis sofa
[7] bia idea
[7] fuar truer
əi[7] saghas light (pronounced lazily)
əu[7] leabhar boat
Suprasegmentals
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable);
usually the first syllable except in Munster
ˌ Secondary stress (usually found only in compounds)

Comparison to other phonetic transcription schemes[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]

Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. Mar shampla, it is a longstanding tradition to leave velarized ("broad") consonants unmarked and mark palatalized ("slender") consonants leis an phrím, cé nach gnáthúsáid IPA é seo .

This section compares the IPA system used at Wikipedia (which is based on that used by Ailbhe Ní Chasaide in her description of Irish in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, ISBN 0-521-63751-1) with the system used in some other works.

IPA Ní Chasaide (1999)[8]
(Gaoth Dobhair)
Quiggin (1906)[9]
(Na Gleannta)
Breatnach (1947)[10]
(Rinn)
Ó Sé (2000)[11]
(Corca Dhuimhne)
Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)[12]
(Iorras)
Ó Siadhail (1988)[13]
(Cois Fharraige)
Foclóir Póca (1993)[14]
(Lárchanúint)
Teimpléad:Már a æ, α a a a æ:, a: a
Teimpléad:Ard æ α: a: ɑː a: ɑ: a:
Teimpléad:Ard b b b b b b
Teimpléad:Ard b′ b′ b′ b′ b′ b′
Teimpléad:Ard c k′ k′ k′ k′ k′ k′
Teimpléad:Ard ç ç ç x′ ç x′ x′
Teimpléad:Ard d̪ˠ d d d d d d
Teimpléad:Ard d̠ʲ d′ d′ d′ d′ d′ d′
Teimpléad:Ard e e: e: e: e: e:
Teimpléad:Ard ɛ ɛ, e e e e e e
Teimpléad:Ard ə ə ə ə, ɪ ə ə ə
Teimpléad:Ard αi əi ai əi ai ai
Teimpléad:Ard au αu əu ou əu au au
Teimpléad:Ard f f f f f f
Teimpléad:Ard f′ f′ f′ f′ f′ f′
Teimpléad:Ard ɡ g g ɡ g g g
Teimpléad:Ard ɣ γ ɣ ɣ ɣ γ
Teimpléad:Ard h h h, h′ h h h h
Teimpléad:Ard i i: i: i: i: i:
Teimpléad:Ard ɪ ï, i, y i i i i i
Teimpléad:Ard ia iːə i:ə
Teimpléad:Ard j j j ɣ′ j ɣ′ γ′
Teimpléad:Ard ɟ g′ g′ ɡ′ g′ g′ g′
Teimpléad:Ard k k k k k k k
Teimpléad:Ard l̪ˠ L l l L L l
Teimpléad:Ard l l
Teimpléad:Ard l̠ʲ L′ l′ l′ L′ L′ l′
Teimpléad:Ard l l′ l′ l′
Teimpléad:Ard m m m m m m
Teimpléad:Ard m′ m′ m′ m′ m′ m′
Teimpléad:Ard n̪ˠ N n n N N n
Teimpléad:Ard n n n
Teimpléad:Ard n̠ʲ N′ n′ n′ N′ N′ n′
Teimpléad:Ard n′ n′ n′
Teimpléad:Ard ɲ ɲ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′
Teimpléad:Ard ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ
Teimpléad:Ard o o:, ɔ: o: o: o: o:
Teimpléad:Ard ʌ ɔ, o̤ o o o o o
Teimpléad:Ard p p p p p p
Teimpléad:Ard p′ p′ p′ p′ p′ p′
Teimpléad:Ard ɾˠ r, R r r r r r
Teimpléad:Ard ɾʲ r′ r′ r′ r′ r′ r′
Teimpléad:Ard s s s s s s
Teimpléad:Ard ɕ ʃ ʃ ʃ ʃ s′ s′
Teimpléad:Ard t̪ˠ t t t t t t
Teimpléad:Ard t̠ʲ t′ t′ t′ t′ t′ t′
Teimpléad:Ard u u: u: u: u: u:
Teimpléad:Ard ɤ U u u u u u
Teimpléad:Ard ua uːə u:ə
Teimpléad:Ard v v′ v′ v′ w′ v′
Teimpléad:Ard w w v v w w v
Teimpléad:Ard x χ x x x x x

Notes[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]

  1. Irish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ˠ›, are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the /l/ in English pill in some accents, like RP and General American, but not in Hiberno-English. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›. Note that the superscript character ‹ˠ› is not a capital "Y" but a Greek lowercase gamma, ‹γ›.
  2. "Slender" (palatalized) consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ʲ›, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the ‹y› sound in yes. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹e›, ‹i›.
  3. /h/ is neither broad nor slender.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "l" sound. Most dialects have merged /l̪ˠ/ and /lˠ/ as /l̪ˠ/, and some have also merged /l̠ʲ/ and /lʲ/ as /lʲ/. Still others have merged /lˠ/ and /lʲ/ as /l/.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "n" sound. Most dialects have merged /n̪ˠ/ and /nˠ/ as [n̪ˠ], and some have also merged /n̠ʲ/ and /nʲ/ as [nʲ]. Still others have merged /nˠ/ and /nʲ/ as Teimpléad:IPAblink. In parts of Munster, /n̠ʲ/ has merged with /ɲ/ in non-initial position.
  6. Also v in some positions in some dialects.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 All Irish diphthongs have falling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as iə̯, uə̯, əi̯, əu̯.
  8. Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe (1999). "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association": 111–16. Cambridge University Press. Dáta rochtana: 2009-01-21. 
  9. Quiggin, E. C. (1906). "A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties". Cambridge University Press. 
  10. Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947). "The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford". Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 
  11. Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000). "Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne" (as Irish). Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann. 
  12. Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968). "The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo". Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 
  13. Ó Siadhail, Mícheál (1988). "Learning Irish: An Introductory Self-tutor". New Haven: Yale University Press. 
  14. "Foclóir póca: English-Irish/Irish-English dictionary" (1993). Dublin: An Gúm. 

Teimpléad:IPA keys horizontal