Aimsir (gramadach)

Sa ghramadach, is catagóir í an aimsir a léiríonn tagairt ama. ^[1] ^[2] De ghnáth, léirítear aimsirí trí úsáid a bhaint as foirmeacha ar leith briathra, go háirithe ina bpatrúin réimnithe.

I measc na bpríomh-aimsirí a fhaightear i go leor teangacha tá an aimsir chaite, an aimsir láithreach agus an aimsir fháistineach. Ní bhíonn ach dhá aimsir ar leith i roinnt teangacha, amhail an aimsir chaite agus an aimsir neamhchaite, nó an aimsir fháistineach agus an aimsir neamhfháistineach. Tá teangacha Shín-Tibéadach ann freisin, cosúil leis an gcuid is mó de na teangacha Síneacha, cé gur féidir leo córas todhchaí agus neamh-fháistineach a bheith acu atá tipiciúil do theangacha Sino-Tibéideacha. ^[3] Ar aon nós, i saothar le déanaí, rinne Maria Bittner agus Judith Tonhauser cur síos ar na bealaí éagsúla ina marcálann teangacha neamh-aimseartha an t-am. ^[4] ^[5] Ar an láimh eile, déanann roinnt teangacha idirdhealú níos míne idir aimsirí amhail sa chianaois, i gcomparáid le le gairid.

Naisc sheachtracha

Tenses - An Aimsir Chaite

Tagairtí

↑ Fabricius-Hansen (2006). "Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics" (2nd ed.): 566–573. Boston: Elsevier.
↑ Comrie (1976). "Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics)". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521290456. “"the semantic concept of time reference (absolute or relative), ... may be grammaticalized in a language, i.e. a language may have a grammatical category that expresses time reference, in which case we say that the language has tenses. Some languages lack tense, i.e. do not have grammatical time reference, though probably all languages can lexicalize time reference, i.e. have temporal adverbials that locate situations in time."”
↑ Huang (2015). "Proceedings of the 27th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics" 2: 406–423. Los Angeles: UCLA. Dáta rochtana: 2017-01-08.
↑ Bittner (2014). "Temporality: Universals and Variation". Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405190404.
↑ Tonhauser (January 2015). "Cross-Linguistic Temporal Reference" (as en). Annual Review of Linguistics 1 (1): 129–154. doi:10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124923. ISSN 2333-9683.

[Fabricius-Hansen-1] Fabricius-Hansen (2006). "Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics" (2nd ed.): 566–573. Boston: Elsevier.

[Comrie-2] Comrie (1976). "Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics)". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521290456. “"the semantic concept of time reference (absolute or relative), ... may be grammaticalized in a language, i.e. a language may have a grammatical category that expresses time reference, in which case we say that the language has tenses. Some languages lack tense, i.e. do not have grammatical time reference, though probably all languages can lexicalize time reference, i.e. have temporal adverbials that locate situations in time."”

[Huang-3] Huang (2015). "Proceedings of the 27th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics" 2: 406–423. Los Angeles: UCLA. Dáta rochtana: 2017-01-08.

[Bittner-4] Bittner (2014). "Temporality: Universals and Variation". Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405190404.

[Tonhauser-5] Tonhauser (January 2015). "Cross-Linguistic Temporal Reference" (as en). Annual Review of Linguistics 1 (1): 129–154. doi:10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124923. ISSN 2333-9683.

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