Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin

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• Wikidata list Réigiúin na hÉireann.

Réigiún

Réigiúin	Réigiúin NUTS
Réigiúin na hÉireann: (A) Tuaisceart (B) Iarthar (C) Iardheisceart (D) Oirdheisceart (E) Oirthear [BÁC] (F) Lár na Tíre (Éire)	Réigiúin NUTS 3 na hÉireann: Teorainn Iarthar Lár na Tíre Lár-Oirthear Baile Átha Cliath Lár-Iarthar Oirdheisceart Iardheisceart

Acrainm

• NUTS - Acáise
• CORINE - Ceolta
• CORDIS - SeoTaifeach
• IATE - Tighe

Eile

{{Gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh}}

• Gníomhaireacht Sábháilteachta Eitlíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh (2002), Institiúid Eorpach um Nuálaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht (2008), Comhlacht na Rialálaithe Eorpacha um Chumarsáid Leictreonach (BEREC) (2009) ← (BEREC Office) - Gníomhaireacht Tacaíochta BEREC (2018), an tÚdarás um Páirtithe Polaitiúla Eorpacha agus um Fhondúireachtaí Polaitiúla Eorpacha (2016), EU-CyCLONe (2020), Údarás Custaim an Aontais Eorpaigh (2026)

• Catagóir:Gníomhaireachtaí feidhmiúcháin an Choimisiúin Eorpaigh, Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Nuálaíochta Eorpaí agus na bhFiontar Beag agus Meánmhéide (EISMEA), an Lárionad Eorpach Inniúlachta um Thionsclaíocht, Teicneolaíocht agus Taighde Cibearshlándála, Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Oideachas agus Cultúr, Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um an Aeráid, Bonneagar agus Comhshaol (CINEA)

1. Research - Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde
2. Research Council - Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde
3. Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development - Ceartchláir um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch

Ceartchláir um Thaighde agus Forbairt Theicneolaíoch

The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the Aontas Eorpach/Coimisiún Eorpach to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Fís Eorpach, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over seven years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Fís 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.

== Stair Conducting European research policies and implementing European research programmes is an obligation under the Conradh Amstardam, which includes a chapter on research and technological development. The programmes are defined by commission civil servants who are aided by various official advisory group and lobby groups. To advise the an Coimisiún Eorpach on the overall strategy to be followed in carrying out the Information and Communication Technology thematic priority, the Information Society Technologies Advisory Group (ISTAG) was set up.

== The framework programmes The framework programmes, up until Framework Programme 6 (FP6), covered five-year periods; but from Framework Programme 7 (FP7) onward, programmes run for seven years. The Framework Programmes, and their budgets in billions of Euros, are presented in the table below.

For FP1–FP5, program expenditures were made in Aonad Airgeadra Eorpach; from FP6 onward budgets were in Euros.  The values presented below are in Euros.

ID	Framework programme	Period	Budget (billion €)
FP1	First	1984–1987	3.8
FP2	Second	1987–1991	5.4
FP3	Third	1990–1994	6.6
FP4	Fourth	1994–1998	13.2
FP5	Fifth	1998–2002	15.0
FP6	Sixth	2002–2006	16.3
FP7	Seventh	2007–2013	50.5 over seven years + 2.7 for Euratom over five years
FP8	Fís 2020 (ochtú)	2014–2020	77
FP9	Fís Eorpach	2021–2027	95.5
FP10	Horizon Europe	2028-2034	175 (proposal)

== Tagairtí

Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde

| headquarters = an Bhruiséil, an Bheilg | leader_name = Marc Tachelet

Is gníomhaireacht feidhmiúcháin an Choimisiúin Eorpaigh í an Ghníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin Eorpach um Thaighde (Béarla: European Research Executive Agency (REA). Established in 2007, it manages parts of the European Union's research and innovation programmes, including Horizon Europe and the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, and provides administrative support for EU-funded research projects.

== Stair The agency was established by the European Commission on 14 December 2007 to implement parts of the Seventh Framework Programme. Its mandate was extended in 2013 to manage significant parts of Horizon 2020, the EU's framework programme for research and innovation for 2014–2020.

In 2021, the Commission renewed the agency's mandate for the 2021–2027 financial period through Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/173, under which the REA became one of six executive agencies responsible for implementing programmes funded under the EU budget.

== Freagrachtaí Since 2021, the REA has managed parts of several European Union programmes, including:

• Fís Eorpach, particularly:
  • Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
  • Research infrastructures
  • Cnuasach 2: Culture, Creativity and Inclusive Society
  • Cnuasach 3: Civil Security for Society
  • Cnuasach 6: Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment
  • Widening participation and spreading excellence
  • Reforming and enhancing the European research and innovation system
• Fís 2020
• Promotion of agricultural products
• Research Fund for Coal and Steel

The agency also manages the Commission's Research Enquiry Service, coordinates the evaluation of research proposals by independent experts, provides administrative support to beneficiaries of EU funding programmes, and carries out legal and financial validation of grants and procurement procedures.

== Rialtas The REA is an executive agency of the European Commission and operates under the supervision of the Commission. It is headed by a director and overseen by a steering committee composed of representatives of the Commission departments responsible for the programmes managed by the agency.

== Buiséad For the 2021–2027 programming period, the REA manages approximately €22.7 billion in EU funding. During the Horizon 2020 programme (2014–2020), it managed around €17 billion, compared with €6.4 billion under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013).

== Tagairtí

Gníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde

Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Réigiúin

| location = an Bhruiséil

The í an Ghníomhaireacht Feidhmiúcháin na Comhairle Eorpaí um Thaighde (Béarla: European Research Council (ERC)) is a public body for funding of scientific and technological research conducted within the European Union (EU). Established a bhliain 2007, the ERC is composed of an independent Scientific Council, its governing body consisting of distinguished researchers, and an Executive Agency, in charge of the implementation. It forms part of the framework programme of the union dedicated to research and innovation, Horizon 2020, preceded by the Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7).

The ERC budget was over €13 billion from 2014 – 2020 and comes from the Horizon 2020 programme, a part of the European Union's budget. Under Horizon 2020 it is estimated that around 7,000 ERC grantees will be funded and 42,000 team members supported, including 11,000 doctoral students and almost 16,000 post-doctoral researchers. The ERC awards to individuals are widely considered to be either among the most, or else the most prestigious grant for academics in Europe.

Researchers from any field can compete for the grants that support pioneering projects. The ERC competitions are open to top researchers also from outside the union. The average success rate is about 12%.

Five ERC grantees have won Nobel Prizes.

Grant applications are assessed by qualified experts. Excellence is the sole criterion for selection; there are neither thematic priorities, nor geographical quotas for funding. The aim is to recognise the best ideas, and confer status and visibility to the best research in Europe, while also attracting talent from abroad.

Along with national funding bodies, the ERC aims to improve the climate for European frontier research. The Scientific Council has been keen to learn from the ERC's peers in national research councils (European and overseas) and to engage in dialogue and appropriate collaboration.

== Tagairtí

Tíreolaíocht

Réigiún na Teorann

=== Geografaíocht fhisiceach

Eas Ghleann an Chairthe, Liatroim

The region encompasses the entire northwest coast of Ireland along the an tAigéan Atlantach. Two of Ireland's longest rivers, an tSionainn and the an Éirne, agus an Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne eatarthu. Cavan and Monaghan in the east of the region are characterized by a drumlin landscape, with hundreds of loughs interspersed between. Loch Aillionn in Leitrim is the region's largest lake, at 35 km².

The west of the region, from Teallach Eathach, County Cavan, to the Atlantic coast is largely rocky and mountainous, with coastal cliffs but also beaches in counties Sligo, Donegal and Leitrim. Leitrim has the smallest coastline of any county, at just 5 km in length, while Donegal has the longest, at 1,134 km.

=== Foraoiseacht there is a total of 130,345 ha of forest and woodland cover in the Border Region, equating to 11.3% of the region's land area, the national average.

Traditionally, the region had a very low cover forest and planting schemes were undertaken by the Department of Agriculture or comhlachtaí státurraithe such as Coillte. County Leitrim is now Ireland's most forested county at 18.9% forest cover. However, over 50% of Leitrim's forests are in private ownership.

=== Aeráid Under Aicmiú aeráide Köppen, the region experiences a maritime aeráid mheasartha aeráid aigéanach, meaning cool winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15°C agus 22°C, rarely going beyond 25°C. While the region generally experiences mild winters, upland areas typically have snow. Humidity is high year round and rainfall ranges from ~1,250 mm (Marcréidh, Sligeach) to ~1,000 mm (Béal Átha hÉis, Cabhán), evenly distributed throughout the year.

=== Geolaíocht

Binn Ghulbain, Contae Shligigh

There are many large mountain ranges and high sea cliffs in the region, such as the Sléibhte Dhoire Bheatha, Sliabh Liag, the Binn Chuilceach agus Binn Ghulbain. The region is generally underlain by an tOrdaivíseach and an Siolúrach sceallaí agus gréabhacaí, laid down 417-495 million years ago. These are found in eastern Cavan and Monaghan. The bedrock of western Cavan, Leitrim and Sligo is composed mostly of carbónmhar limestones that were laid roughly 355 million years ago. However, a 1.5 billion year old narrow strip of metamorphosed gneisses extend across Sligo near Sliabh Gamh.

County Donegal has one of the most complex geologies in Ireland. Much of the county is underlain by Réamhchaimbriach gneiss, schist and quartzite, laid down during the Grenvillian Orogeny 700 million years ago. The Border Region's highest point, An Earagail, at 751 m, is composed of Precambrian quartzite.

Ireland's oldest rocks, laid down 1.78 billion years ago, are found on the island of Inis Trá Tholl. Inis Trá Tholl is Ireland's most northerly island, located approximately 10 km north of Cionn Mhálanna, mainland Ireland's most northerly point.

Loch Súilí in Donegal is one of Ireland's three fjords.

== Tagairtí