Focail Ghaeilge sa Bhéarla

Is éard is Focail Ghaeilge sa Bhéarla ná focail Bhéarla a bhfuil bunús acu sa Ghaeilge. Seo thíos liosta a bhfuil glacadh forleathan leis. Sa bhliain 2011 dúirt Oxford Dictionaries Online go raibh thart ar 160–170 focal sa Bhéarla a tháinig ón nGaeilge ar an liosta acu siúd. Ar nós na sanasaíochta in go leor teangacha bíonn bréagshanais i gceist uaireanta, nuair is mian le daoine a rá go bhfuil gaol ann idir focail áirithe nach bhfuil gaol ar bith eatarthu; ar nós a rá go bhfuil an focal Gaeilge teas gaolmhar le jazz (snagcheol) an Bhéarla, cé gur ródhócha nach bhfuil aon ghaol eatarthu.

Focail

banshee – bean sí.
barmbrack – An Irish fruit loaf. ó bairín breac, speckled loaf.
bodhrán – A winnowing drum used as a musical instrument.
bog – (from bogach meaning “marsh/peatland”) a wetland (according to OED).
bonnaught – A type of billeting or a billeted soldier. From Irish buannacht, billeting or billeting tax.
boreen – (from bóithrín meaning “small road”) a narrow rural road in Ireland.
bother - is dócha gur ó 'bodhaire', 'bodhraim' a thagann sé.
brat – a cloak or overall – now only in regional dialects (from Old Irish bratt meaning “cloak, cloth”)
brehon – A judge of ancient Irish law. From Irish breitheamh.
brogue – (from bróg meaning “shoe”) a type of shoe (OED).
brogue – A strong regional accent, especially an Irish or one. Not as the OED says, a reference to the footwear of speakers of the brogue, but from barróg, an Irish word for a lisp or accent.
callow – A river meadow, a landing-place, from Irish caladh.
camogie – From Irish camóg, small hooked object, a camogue. The women’s equivalent of hurling.
carrageen – moss. From Irish carraigín, ‘little rock’.
carrow – An ancient Irish gambler, from cearrbhach.
caubeen – An Irish beret, adopted as part of the uniform of Irish regiments of the British Army. From cáibín.
clabber – also bonny-clabber (from clábar and bainne clábair) curdled milk.
clarsach – An ancient Irish and Scottish harp, from Irish cláirseach.
clock O.Ir. clocc meaning “bell”. Probably entered Germanic via the hand-bells used by early Irish missionaries.
coccagee Cac na gé – goose shit. The name of a type of cider apple found in Ireland, so called for its green colour.
colcannon – A kind of ‘bubble and squeak’. Probably from cál ceannfhionn, white headed cabbage.
colleen – (from cailín meaning “a girl”).
conk – Slang term for a big nose. The term Old Conky was a nickname for the Duke of Wellington. Dinneen gives coinncín as ‘a prominent nose’ and this seems to be related to terms like geanc, meaning a snub nose.
coshering – Nothing to do with Jewish dietary law. Coshering (from Irish cóisir, feast) was when a lord went round staying with his subjects and expecting to be entertained. Because of this cóisireacht can mean ‘sponging’ in Modern Irish, though cóisir usually just means a party.
coyne – A kind of billeting, from Irish coinmheadh.
cross – The ultimate source of this word is Latin crux. The English word comes from Old Irish cros via Old Norse kross.
cudeigh – A night’s lodging, from Irish cuid na hoíche.
curragh – An Irish boat made from skins or tarred canvas stretched over a wooden frame. Irish currach.
drum, drumlin – from Irish droim, droimlín. A ridge or small hill of glacial origin, such as in the landscape of Down.
drisheen – is a type of black pudding associated with Cork. From drisín.
dudeen – A clay pipe, from Irish dúidín.
dulse – From Irish duileasc, originally meaning water leaf. A type of edible seaweed.
erenagh – A hereditary holder of church lands. Irish aircheannach.
esker – From eiscir, an elongated ridge of post-glacial gravel, usually along a river valley (OED).
Fenian – From Fianna meaning “semi-independent warrior band”, a member of a 19th-century Irish nationalist group (OED).
fiacre – a small four-wheeled carriage for hire, a hackney-coach, associated with St Fiacre area of Paris. Named for Saint Fiachra.
fiorin – A type of long grass, derived from Irish feorthainn.
Gallowglass – (from gallóglach) a Scottish Gaelic mercenary soldier in Ireland between mid 13th and late 16th centuries.
galore – (from go leor meaning “plenty”) a lot.
gillaroo – A type of fish. From Irish giolla rua, red lad.
glib – An obsolete term for a kind of haircut associated with warriors (because it protected the forehead) banned by the English. Irish glib, fringe.
gob – (literally beak) mouth. From Irish gob. (OED)
grouse – In slang sense of grumble, perhaps from gramhas, meaning grin, grimace, ugly face. (Not from Cassidy’s cráite!)
griskin – (from griscín) a lean cut of meat from the loin of a pig, a chop.
hooligan – (from the Irish family name Ó hUallacháin, anglicised as Hooligan or Hoolihan).
keening – From caoinim (meaning “I wail”) to lament, to wail mournfully (OED.
kern – An outlaw or a common soldier. From ceithearn or ceithearnach, still the word in Irish for a pawn in chess.
Leprechaun – a fairy or spirit (from leipreachán)
Limerick – (from Luimneach). The limerick form was particularly associated in the 18th century with a group of Irish language poets called Filí na Máighe.
lough – (from loch) a lake, or arm of the sea.
madder – Also mether. A traditional square-sided wooden drinking vessel, Irish meadar.
merrow – An Irish mermaid. Irish murúch.
moiley An ancient breed of Irish hornless cattle, from maol, bald or hornless.
ogham Ancient Irish alphabet. The Irish is also ogham (pronounced oh-um).
orrery A mechanical model of solar system, named for the Earl of Orrery. This is an old Irish tribal name, Orbhraighe.
pampootie – pampúta A kind of shoe with good grip worn by men in the Aran Islands.
phoney – (probably from the English fawney meaning “gilt brass ring used by swindlers”, which is from Irish fáinne meaning “ring”) fake.
pinkeen – From pincín, a minnow or an insignificant person. This in turn comes from English pink + Irish diminutive –ín.
pollan – A fish found in Irish loughs, Irish pollán.
pookawn – A fishing boat, from Irish púcán.
poteen – (from poitín) hooch, bootleg alcoholic drink.
puck – (in hockey) Almost certainly from Irish poc, according to the OED.
puss – As in sourpuss, comes from Irish pus, a pouting mouth.
rapparee – An Irish highwayman, from ropaire (a stabber)
rath – A strong circular earthen wall forming an enclosure and serving as a fort and residence for a tribal chief. From Irish rath.
shamrock – (from seamróg) a shamrock, diminutive of seamair, clover, used as a symbol for Ireland.
Shan Van Vocht – (from seanbhean bhocht meaning “poor old woman”) a literary name for Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries.
shebeen – (from síbín meaning “illicit whiskey, poteen”, apparently a diminutive of síob, which means drift, blow, ride) unlicensed house selling alcohol (OED).
shillelagh – (from sail éille meaning “a beam with a strap”) a wooden club or cudgel made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob on the end.
shoneen – A West Brit, an Irishman who apes English customs. From Irish Seoinín, a little John (in a Gaelic version of the English form, Seon, not the Irish Seán).
Sidhe Modern Sí – the fairies, fairyland.
slauntiagh – An obsolete word for sureties or guarantees, which comes from Irish sláinteacha with the same meaning.
sleveen, sleiveen – (from slíbhín) an untrustworthy or cunning person. Used in Ireland and Newfoundland (OED).
slew – (from slua meaning “a large number”) a great amount (OED).
slob – (from slab) mud (OED).
slogan – (from sluaghairm meaning “a battle-cry used by Gaelic clans”). I think this is more likely to be of Scottish origin.
smithereens small fragments, atoms. In phrases such as ‘to explode into smithereens’. This is the Irish word smidiríní. This is obviously Irish because of the –ín ending but the basic word seems to be Germanic, something to do with the work of a smith.
spalpeen – A migratory labourer in Ireland. From spailpín.
tanist – The deputy and successor of a chieftain or religious leader. A term used in anthropology. From Irish tánaiste, secondary person.
tilly – (from tuilleadh meaning “a supplement”) used in Newfoundland to refer to an additional luck-penny. It is used by Joyce in the first chapter of Ulysses.
tory – Originally an Irish outlaw, probably from the word tóraí meaning “pursuer”.
trousers – From Irish triús.
turlough – A seasonal lake in limestone area (OED). Irish turloch ‘dry lake.’
uilleann pipes – Irish belows-blown bagpipes. Uilleann is Irish for ‘elbow’.
usker – From Irish uscar, a jewel sewn into an item of clothing.
whiskey – From uisce beatha meaning “water of life”.

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